中華民國內政部建築研究所中華民國內政部建築研究所

一、計畫緣起
近來國內建築物昇降保養維修不當致傷亡事故頻傳，且昇降設備超齡使用普遍，各式昇降設備之數量亦有逐年增加趨勢，建築主管機應加強建築物昇降設備之設置及檢查管理機制落實執行。
因應物聯網及智慧科技等新技術之發展，國內外電梯業者也嘗試使用ICT及AIoT等技術應用於昇降設備的遠端監控管理。本所109年辦理「建築物昇降設備導入遠端監控技術可行性及推廣計畫」完成彙整國內外建築物昇降設備遠端監控技術發展資料、建築物昇降設備導入遠端監控技術應用需求分析、可行性評估，並與建築師等相關公協會合作，辦理專家諮詢會議座談及辦理推廣活動，將建築物昇降機設備遠端監控及設備故障預測等技術介紹給相關專業從業人員。
二、研究方法及過程
本計畫採用文獻研究、現場調查與專家訪談分析、專家諮詢會議、「建築物昇降設備遠端監控技術手冊」(草案)及應用推廣活動等方法，進行建築物昇降設備篩選具有可行性之昇降設備遠端監控技術，就發展遠端監控與現行檢查制度進行差異分析，據以提出技術架構及硬體需求。依據以上調查分析結果，研訂「建築物昇降設備遠端監控技術手冊」(草案)，供昇降機設備業者、建築師、建築投資業者自主導入遠端監控技術參考；另召開產官學研界諮詢會議，參酌其意見修訂草案。本計畫並與相關公協會合作辦理「建築物昇降設備遠端監控技術手冊」(草案)及應用推廣活動1場，將前揭手冊草案介紹給專業從業人員，並蒐集看法及建議，參酌外界意見修訂草案內容。
三、重要發現
A.建築物昇降設備遠端監控技術可分為下列六項：
(1)感測設備。
(2)監視設備。
(3)傳輸設備。
(4)運算設備。
(5)控制設備。
(6)資料儲存設備。
B.建築物昇降設備執行遠端監控技術後：
(1)對昇降設備維修單位能節省維修保養的項目及時間。
(2)能減低專業人員短缺的問題。
(3)對於昇降設備的使用者，有機會在使用功能不變的前提下，減低花用的維修費用、減少設備故障的機會、縮短因故障縮需花費等待的時間。
(4)對整個昇降設備相關族群有正面的意義。
C.在「建築物昇降設備設置及檢查管理辦法」的＜B–23＞「建築物昇降機安全檢查表」中，共有71個檢查項目、七大類別，有下列18種檢查項目可以經由檢視遠端監控技術每天蒐集的運作數據，來判別其運作是否正常，以取代現場的檢查工作：
(1)主電源斷路。
(2)昇降設備速度異常致調速機超速開關作動。
(3)車廂煞車裝置作動異常。
(4)主機煞車器作動異常。
(5)控制盤控制系統主要安全迴路異常。
(6)車廂門(內門)開閉異常。
(7)車廂超載裝置作動異常。
(8)車廂安全迴路異常。
(9)昇降路頂底部極限開關異常。
(10)乘場門(外門)開閉異常。
(11)機坑內安全迴路異常。
(12)油壓系統壓力異常(油壓式適用)。
(13)車廂門(內門)檻與乘場門(外門)檻高低落差太大。
(14)車廂上下運行超過設定時間。
(15)主鋼索異常鬆弛(油壓式適用)。
(16)發生火災未能啟動車廂召回避難樓層功能(緊急用升降機及乘場門具防火性能適用)。
(17)工作平台開關被啟動(無機房式適用)。
(18)停電時是否已啟動就近樓層停靠功能。
四、建議事項
建議一
辦理建築物昇降設備遠端監控服務模式研究：中長期事項。
主辦機關：內政部建築研究所。
協辦機關：無。

I.The origin of the plan
Recently, accidents of injuries and deaths caused by improper maintenance and repair of buildings in Taiwan have been frequent, and the use of over-aged elevator equipment is common. The number of various types of elevator equipment is also increasing year by year. The construction supervisor should strengthen the installation of building elevator equipment and the implementation of the inspection and management mechanism.
In response to the development of new technologies such as the Internet of Things and smart technology, domestic and foreign elevator companies have also tried to use ICT and AIoT technologies for remote monitoring and management of elevator equipment. In 2020, Institute of Architecture, Ministry of the Interior has completed the “Feasibility and Promotion Plan for the Introduction of Remote Monitoring Technology for Building Elevator Equipment” project. We have compiled data on the development of remote monitoring technology for building elevator equipment at Taiwan and foreign countries. The application demand analysis and feasibility evaluation of the remote monitoring technology for building elevator equipment has been completed. We cooperate with architects and other relevant public associations to handle expert consultation meetings and promotion activities, and introduce technologies such as remote monitoring of building elevator equipment and equipment failure prediction to relevant professional practitioners.
II.Research method and process
This project adopts methods such as literature research, on-site investigation and expert interview analysis, expert consultation meeting, "Technical Manual for Remote Monitoring of Building Elevator Equipment" (draft) writing, and application promotion activities. The technology that has the feasibility of remote monitoring of building elevator equipment is screened. We analyze the difference between the development of remote monitoring and the current inspection system to propose technical architecture and hardware requirements. Based on the above investigation and analysis results, the "Technical Manual for Remote Monitoring of Building Elevator Equipment" (draft) was developed as reference for lift equipment operators, architects, and construction investors to independently introduce remote monitoring technology. We held a consultation meeting for the industry, government, academia, and research circles to revise the draft based on their opinions. This project also cooperates with relevant public associations to handle the “Technical Manual for Remote Monitoring of Building Elevator Equipment” (draft) and one application promotion event. Introduce the draft of the pre-discovered manual to professional practitioners, collect opinions and suggestions, and revise the content of the draft based on external opinions.
III.Important findings
A.The remote monitoring technology of building elevator equipment can be divided into the following six items:
(1)Sensing equipment.
(2)Monitoring equipment.
(3)Transmission equipment.
(4)Computing equipment.
(5)Control equipment.
(6)Data storage equipment.
B.After the building elevator equipment implements remote monitoring technology:
(1)Save maintenance items and time for elevator equipment maintenance units.
(2)Can reduce the shortage of professionals.
(3)For users of elevator equipment, there is an opportunity to reduce the maintenance cost, reduce the chance of equipment failure, and shorten the waiting time due to the failure under the premise of the same function.
(4)It is of positive significance to the entire related group of elevator equipment.
C.In the "Building Elevator Equipment Installation and Inspection Management Measures", "Building Lift Safety Checklist" in <B-23>, there are 71 inspection items and seven categories. The following 18 types of inspection items can be inspected. The operation data collected by the end monitoring technology every day can be used to judge whether its operation is normal or not, so as to replace the on-site inspection work:
(1)The main power supply is disconnected.
(2)The abnormal speed of the elevator equipment causes the overspeed switch of the governor to act.
(3)Abnormal operation of the compartment brake device.
(4)Abnormal operation of the main engine brake.
(5)The main safety circuit of the control panel control system is abnormal.
(6)The car door (inner door) opens and closes abnormally.
(7)Abnormal operation of the compartment overload device.
(8)The safety circuit of the carriage is abnormal.
(9)The limit switch at the bottom of the elevator road is abnormal.
(10)The gate (outer gate) opens and closes abnormally.
(11)Abnormal safety circuit in the pit.
(12)Abnormal pressure in hydraulic system (applicable to hydraulic type).
(13)The height difference between the threshold of the carriage door (inner door) and the entrance door (outer door) is too large.
(14)The carriage runs up and down for more than the set time.
(15)Abnormal slack of the main steel cable (applicable to hydraulic type).
(16)Failure to activate the function of recalling the evacuation floor in the car in the event of a fire (applicable to the fire protection performance of emergency elevators and gates).
(17)The work platform switch is activated (applicable to machine-roomless type).
(18)Whether the nearby floor stop function has been activated when the power is off.
IV.Suggestions
Suggestion I
Handle the research on the service mode of remote monitoring of building elevator equipment: Medium and Long-term matters.
Organizer: Institute of Architecture, Ministry of Interior.
Co-organizer: None.