中華民國內政部建築研究所中華民國內政部建築研究所

一、研究緣起
鋼材具有高強度、韌性和延展性，爲興建耐震建築的理想選擇。但鋼結構在工廠製作與現場安裝均需嚴謹的品質控制，監造人員如何監督施工單位依其施工及品質計畫施工，確保鋼結構施工品質，爲興建鋼結構建築之重要課題。
本研究之目的爲依據鋼結構之作業特性，彙整國內外關於鋼結構之設計、施工規範，分析鋼結構施工流程各階段之品質管制要點，編製鋼結構監造手冊，使監造人員能快速了解並掌握鋼結構品質查核重點，有效監督工程品質。
二、研究方法及過程
本研究透過文獻回顧、案例分析、專家座談回饋、鋼構廠及工地參訪等方法進行研究。本研究共舉辦四次專家座談，經由專家的經驗回饋，使建築鋼結構監造手冊之編訂更爲完備。
三、重要發現
監造人員職責爲擬訂施工單位依循的監造計畫、監督施工單位依其施工及品質計畫施工。監造作業頻率分連續性及週期性監造。連續性監造指在施工過程中須有監造人員在場監督。週期性監造則爲施工完成後於檢驗停留點抽驗施工品質。建築鋼結構施工流程中各工項之連續性或週期性監造如下分類：
●基礎錨栓定位校正與保護為週期性監造，相關混凝土澆灌為連續性監造。
●銲接程序規範書及銲接人員資格為事前核准的監造工作。
●工廠製作過程一般為週期性監造，監造重點為材料檢驗、銲接程序查驗、隱蔽部分查驗。
●工地吊裝、組立、校正及螺栓二階段鎖固為週期性監造。
●工地銲接進行中為連續性監造，監造重點為銲材確認、銲接程序、電流、電壓、層溫與天候管理。
●配合第三方銲道非破壞性檢測為週期性監造
●剪力釘植銲為週期性監造。
四、主要建議事項
立即可行之建議：定期舉辦鋼結構監造研討會推廣研究成果
主辦機關：建築師公會
協辦機關：內政部建築研究所
建築師統籌主持建築物之監造，但一般進駐工地監造人員缺乏鋼結構之製造、施工、品質檢驗等專業知識。本研究說明建築鋼結構構件設計、製作、組裝的基本觀念及監造要點。除於建研所網站提供研究成果下載，建議建築師公會定期舉辦鋼結構監造相關主題研討會，說明鋼結構材料特性及施工步驟，週期性與連續性監造之監造時機，培養監造人員關於鋼結構應有之基本素養與認知，以勝任鋼結構建築物之監造工作。

Steel has high strength, toughness and ductility, making it ideal for earthquake-resistant buildings construction. However, quality control is important for manufacturing steel structural elements in factories and on-site installation. Therefore, an important issue for steel building construction is how to supervise contractors’ construction to ensure the construction quality.
The purpose of this research is to summarize the design and building codes of steel construction in Taiwan and abroad, analyze the key points of quality control at each stage of the steel construction process, and compile a steel construction inspection manual, so that the inspectors can understand the key points of steel construction quality control, and supervise the project quality effectively.
This research is conducted through literature review, case study, feedback from expert discussions, visits to steel structure factories and construction sites, etc. In conclusion the study compiles a steel construction inspection manual. Four expert discussions were held in this study. Through the feedback from experts, the content of the steel construction inspection manual was enhanced.
The responsibilities of the inspector are to prepare an inspection plan to be followed by the contractor and manufacturer, and to supervise the contractor and manufacturer to perform steel construction in accordance with its quality control plans. The frequency of inspections is divided into continuous and periodic inspection. Continuous inspection means that there must be inspectors present to supervise the construction process. Periodic inspection refers to checking construction quality at the inspection stop point after the construction is completed.
The steel construction processed require continuous or periodic inspection as following:
●The positioning, correction and protection of foundation anchor bolts require periodic inspection, and concrete placement requires continuous inspection.
●Welding procedure specifications and welder qualification are pre-approved supervision work.
●The manufacturing of fabricated items at plants need periodic inspection in general, and the focuses are material identification, welding procedure inspection, and hidden part inspection.
●The on-site assembling and high-strength bolting require periodic inspection.
●On-site welding need continuous inspection, and the supervision focuses on control and handling welding consumables, environment conditions, and ensuring WPS followed by welders.
●Coordinate with third-party non-destructive testing of welded joints need periodic inspection.
●The construction of steel headed stud anchors is subject to periodic inspection.