中華民國內政部建築研究所中華民國內政部建築研究所

一、研究緣起
BIM軟體商的市場壟斷，價格肆意提升，成為許多企業的負擔，阻礙BIM的普及化，導致營建產業數位轉型產生障礙，為了解決此困境建築研究所於110年啟動了「建築資訊建模（BIM）開源及自由軟體本土化評估及發展路徑規劃」研究計畫，並為後續相關研究計畫制定ROADMAP。因此建研所於111年續辦本研究計畫，以建構導入營建產業BIM FOSS軟體的完整環境為目標，研究內容包括推廣與強化BIM FOSS、FreeCAD操作介面的在地中文化、建立BIM FOSS本土物件（object）製作流程、驗證與商軟檔案交換作業流程，並建議BIM FOSS在國內推動的機制，期望BIM FOSS能提升國內BIM技術，並與國際接軌，同時在軟體商肆意漲價的市場，尋求另外可行的出路，讓國內整個營建產業都能受益，並擺脫商業軟體的綁架。
BIM FOSS的推動為長期研究計畫，相關研究需要循序漸進實行，最終完善本土BIM FOSS使用環境，讓建築各專業都能將BIM FOSS應用融入到工作流程中。本次研究計畫的對象是建築師族群，將設計建照申請階段應用為本計畫的研究範圍，藉由建築師作為建築工程的領導角色，帶領BIM FOSS融入工作流程中，並在後續計畫推動到機電、結構設計以及營造施工、營運維護等，讓建築生命週期各階段逐漸展開使用BIM FOSS，最終提升國家營建產業的生產力。
二、研究方法及過程
本次研究內容主要分為五個方向，推廣策略分析與執行上藉由與協會合作推廣、成立網路社群、建立BIM FOSS網頁專區、開辦BIM FOSS課程等方式進行推動；FreeCAD介面在地中文化工作針對BIM工作常用工作台進行本土中文化翻譯，幫助FreeCAD本土環境優化；採用資料蒐集與調查針對建築師設計建照申請階段研究BIM FOSS物件(object)技術開發流程；也針對不同BIM軟體與BIM FOSS的檔案交換作業流程進行驗證；利用實際操作方法針對建築師設計建照申請階段驗證其BIM FOSS的作業流程。並在達到階段性成果後借助我國BIM與開源程式碼的專家學者們之意見，確保其適用性與目的可用於國內建築產業，也提供研究團隊後續研究方向。
三、重要發現
本次研究成果擴大BIM FOSS的本土使用族群，也能讓BIM FOSS更加有效的融入國內建築產業的工作流程中，為了完善BIM FOSS設計建照請照階段的建置環境與應用流程，分別進行FreeCAD介面在地中文化、BIM FOSS物件技術開發流程與BIM FOSS檔案交換作業流程等研究，藉由完成BIM FOSS設計建照階段應用案例提高軟體接受度，提升建築設計階建照請照階段的BIM使用情形，也為後續研究做準備。
另外研究團隊也持續在進行BIM FOSS推廣策略分析與執行，讓BIM FOSS在業界擴大使用，使國內BIM FOSS的能量開始發酵。
四、主要建議事項
根據研究發現，本研究藉由 BIM FOSS 的發展協助我國政府在 BIM 的應用發展上能更為順利，提供我國建築產業一個使軟體不受成本影響與資料不受控制的方案，提出下列具體建議。從立即可行的建議及長期性的建議，分別說明如下：
立即可行之建議—BIM FOSS產學界推廣與教育訓練
主辦機關：內政部建築研究所
協辦機關：財團法人台灣建築中心
本研究發現FreeCAD與Blender是BIM創作的基本工具，並經過驗證確認其IFC轉換是可行的，而藉由本研究證明BIM FOSS能完成建築設計建照請照階段的BIM應用需求，另外本研究成果也於附件提出實例操作流程以利後續研究計畫進行。
本研究團隊也於10/29開辦7天共42小時的FreeCAD實體建模課程，提供業界教育訓練執行BIM FOSS技術推廣，以這兩個軟體為核心，再藉由本研究實例驗證過的作業流程為根據，持續進行業界的教育訓練與推廣，推廣對象建議以建築師事務所為主，鼓勵對象包括尚未使用BIM的中小型建築師事務所或設計師個人工作室，非專業者如資產管理者，業主或公部門，目的擴大BIM使用者，提升建築數位轉型時程。
另外建議也能從學校教育推廣開始推廣開源自由軟體，讓老師與學生早日接觸開源自由軟體，為職場先期打造開源自由軟體環境。
中長期性建議—政府單位增列BIM FOSS檔案交付格式
主辦機關：公共工程委員會、內政部營建署、內政部建築研究所
協辦機關：財團法人台灣建築中心、資策會
由於目前建築業界主要以使用專有軟體為主，國內政府機關在BIM檔案格式收取的規定上除了IFC以外，並未包含開源軟體檔案格式。建議公共工程招標需求說明可以增列收取BIM FOSS的檔案格式，如當初政府機關規定提供開放檔案格式.odf、.odt等的方式，由政府機關提供需求，增加產業使用BIM FOSS的意願。
另外也建議可以參考國發會當初推動LibreOffice的方式，建議成立建築產業BIM FOSS推動小組，以國家力量扶植自由軟體。
長期性建議—各建築生命週期BIM FOSS實例研究與相關證照
主辦機關：公共工程委員會、內政部營建署、內政部建築研究所
協辦機關：財團法人台灣建築中心、大學建築與資訊相關研究所
本研究經由結論獲得建築設計建照請照階段的應用成果，但在研究方面國內僅只有本研究一個實例，因此還需要後續研究根據業界不同專案類型進行實例驗證，以加強建築相關各專業的設計階段、施工階段、維運階段的實例流程驗證，增加業界使用的信心。還需針對BIM FOSS的物件庫的蒐集與參數化物件建置的工作開始動作。
另外建議國家能協助成立BIM FOSS相關證照考試制度與交付規範，提高學校教學意願與業界徵才需求。

1.Origin of research
The market monopoly of BIM software vendors and the wanton increase in prices have become a burden for many companies, hindering the popularization of BIM and causing obstacles to the digital transformation of the construction industry. In order to solve this dilemma, the Architecture Research Institute launched "Building Information Modeling (BIM) ) Open source and free software localization evaluation and development path planning" research project, and formulate ROADMAP for follow-up related research projects. Therefore, the Construction Research Institute continued this research project in 2011, with the goal of constructing a complete environment for introducing BIM FOSS software in the construction industry. The research content includes promoting and strengthening the local culture of BIM FOSS and FreeCAD operation interface, and establishing a local BIM FOSS Object (object) production process, verification and business software file exchange operation process, and suggest the mechanism of BIM FOSS in China, hoping that BIM FOSS can improve domestic BIM technology and be in line with international standards. At the same time, in the market where software vendors wanton price increases, Find another feasible way out, so that the entire domestic construction industry can benefit, and get rid of the kidnapping of commercial software.
The promotion of BIM FOSS is a long-term research plan. Relevant research needs to be carried out step by step, and finally improve the local BIM FOSS usage environment, so that all architectural disciplines can integrate BIM FOSS applications into the workflow. The object of this research project is the architect group. The application stage of the design and construction license is the research scope of this project. With the architect as the leading role in the construction project, he will lead BIM FOSS into the work process, and in the follow-up plan Drawing is promoted to mechanical and electrical, structural design, construction, operation and maintenance, etc., so that BIM FOSS can be gradually used in all stages of the building life cycle, and ultimately improve the productivity of the national construction industry.
2.Research methods and process
The content of this research is mainly divided into five directions. In terms of promotion strategy analysis and implementation, it is promoted through cooperation with associations, establishment of online communities, establishment of BIM FOSS webpages, and opening of BIM FOSS courses; the FreeCAD interface is in the ground Cultural work is aimed at the local Chinese cultural translation of the common workbench of BIM work, helping to optimize the local environment of FreeCAD; using data collection and investigation to study the BIM FOSS object technology development process for architects in the design and construction license application stage; also for different BIM software and Verify the file exchange operation process of BIM FOSS; use the actual operation method to verify the BIM FOSS operation process for the architect's design and construction license application stage. And after reaching the staged results, we will use the opinions of experts and scholars of BIM and open source code in my country to ensure its applicability and purpose can be used in the domestic construction industry, and also provide the research team with follow-up research directions.
3.Important findings
The results of this research expand the local user groups of BIM FOSS, and also allow BIM FOSS to be more effectively integrated into the workflow of the domestic construction industry. In order to improve the construction environment and application process of the BIM FOSS design and construction phase, FreeCAD Research on the interface in local culture, BIM FOSS object technology development process and BIM FOSS file exchange operation process. By completing the application cases in the BIM FOSS design and construction phase, the acceptance of the software will be improved, and the use of BIM in the architectural design phase will be improved. The situation is also a preparation for the follow-up research.
In addition, the research team is also continuing to analyze and implement BIM FOSS promotion strategies, so that BIM FOSS can be used more widely in the industry, and the energy of domestic BIM FOSS has begun to ferment.
4.Main recommendations
According to the findings of the research, this study helps the Chinese government to develop BIM applications more smoothly through the development of BIM FOSS, and provides a solution for the construction industry in my country to keep software from being affected by cost and data from being out of control. The following specific suggestions are put forward. The immediate and long-term recommendations are as follows:
Immediately Actionable Suggestions - BIM FOSS Industry-Academia Promotion and Education Training
Sponsor: Institute of Architecture, Ministry of the Interior
Co-organizer: Taiwan Architecture Center
This study found that FreeCAD and Blender are the basic tools for BIM creation, and it has been verified that its IFC conversion is feasible. This study proves that BIM FOSS can fulfill the BIM application requirements in the architectural design and construction phase. In addition, the research results are also In the appendix, an example operation process is proposed to facilitate the follow-up research plan.
The research team also launched a 7-day, 42-hour FreeCAD solid modeling course on 10/29 to provide industry education and training to implement BIM FOSS technology promotion. With these two software as the core, the operation process verified by this research example is According to the continuous education, training and promotion in the industry, the promotion objects are suggested to be mainly architect firms, and the encouragement targets include small and medium-sized architect firms or designer personal studios that have not yet used BIM. Non-professionals such as asset managers, Owners or public departments aim to expand BIM users and accelerate the digital transformation of buildings.
In addition, it is suggested that open source and free software can be promoted from school education promotion, so that teachers and students can get in touch with open source and free software as soon as possible, and create an open source and free software environment for the workplace in advance.
Mid- and long-term suggestions—government units add BIM FOSS file delivery format
Sponsors: Public Works Committee, Ministry of Interior Construction Administration, Ministry of Interior Construction Research Institute
Co-organizers: Taiwan Architectural Center, Capital Strategy Council
Since the current construction industry mainly uses proprietary software, domestic government agencies have not included open source software file formats except for IFC in the regulations on the collection of BIM file formats. It is suggested that the file format for BIM FOSS can be added to the demand statement for public project bidding. For example, the government agency stipulated that the open file format.
In addition, it is also recommended to refer to the way the National Development Council promoted LibreOffice at the beginning, and it is suggested to establish a BIM FOSS promotion group for the construction industry to support free software with national power.
Long-term recommendations - BIM FOSS case studies and related certificates for each building life cycle
Sponsors: Public Works Committee, Ministry of Interior Construction Administration, Ministry of Interior Construction Research Institute
Co-organizers: Taiwan Architecture Center, University Architecture and Information Research Institute
This study obtains the application results of the architectural design and building license application stage through the conclusion, but in terms of research, there is only one example of this study in China, so follow-up research is needed to conduct example verification according to different project types in the industry, so as to strengthen the design of various disciplines related to architecture The example process verification of the construction phase, construction phase, and maintenance phase increases the confidence of the industry in use. It is also necessary to start work on the collection of BIM FOSS object libraries and the construction of parametric objects.
In addition, it is suggested that the state can assist in the establishment of BIM FOSS-related certificate examination system and delivery specifications, so as to improve the willingness of schools to teach and the demand for talents in the industry.