中華民國內政部建築研究所中華民國內政部建築研究所

一、研究緣起
近年來，德國政府提出「工業4.0（Industry 4.0）」的概念，間接帶動全球第四次工業革命的契機，德國身為全球製造業龍頭，工業4.0的概念提出之後，立刻受到世界各國的矚目，國內政府也積極擬定工業4.0為國家未來之高科技戰略，預期融合「物聯網（IoT）」、「雲端運算（Cloud Computing）」、「大數據（Big Data）」三大領域，推動第四次工業革命。以BIM技術逐漸帶動國內建築產業升級與策略發展優勢，一直是世界各國政府努力的方向，國內過去幾年經過產官學界的推廣與努力，逐步看到國內BIM技術發展的成果，國內未來BIM發展極有可能朝工業4.0的方向匯流。
目前國內政府將工業4.0聚焦於網路、製造、工廠等虛實融合系統，雲端運算與大數據之應用則集中於能源、醫療、商業等應用，但是忽略了傳統產業最重要的「建築、營造、工程」（AEC）等傳統領域的科技應用，AEC產業未來勢必融合物聯網、雲端運算、大數據三大領域，成為工業4.0的另一塊版圖，而真正能夠融合這三大科技領域，引導AEC走向高科技產業的就是「建築資訊模型」（Building Information Modeling, BIM）技術。運用BIM的技術與管理，帶動建築產業策略發展優勢是各國政府努力發展的方向，分析國際近年來BIM的發展趨勢，可約略歸納整理為四項主軸：(1)BIM資訊與規範管理，由政府端推動，政策導向、產業驅動，目標是建立一個建築生產履歷，(2)BIM知識整合平台，主要由工程營造端負責推動，技術導向、軟體驅動，目標是AEC工程專案模擬，(3)BIM綠建築設計，由設計端推動，性能導向、資料庫整合，目標是整合多元化設計流程、都市與建築環境同步規劃，(4)BIM智慧設施管理，由使用端的業主推動，管理導向、設施IOT整合，目標是設施管理、物流系統的整合管理。
二、研究方法與過程
在雲端先導應用推廣與產業發展的推動首要步驟中，發展一套雲端搭配BIM之短中長期規劃藍圖，為本研究的第一要務，再搭配雲端資料庫或平台進行雲端測試，再以業界實地訪談之結論相互整合進行修正考量，在進行整體交叉比對後，再將訪談與會議結果整理歸納並撰寫藍圖的規劃策略說明。
本計畫研究內容將著重於下列三大項目：
• 研擬 雲端 BIM 發展藍圖與規範機制
• 透過雲端作業與 BIM 產業 的應用 需求 進行測試
• 實地 業界訪談及現況回顧並且進行案例調查
三、重要發現
過去幾年來，BIM的國際發展從BIM資訊與規範管理、BIM知識整合平台、BIM綠建築設計流程、BIM智慧設施管理的四大趨勢，逐漸匯流到一個雲端3D作業平台，未來的建築作業變成一個3D視覺化參數整合流程，以新的電腦介面做設計與工程知識模組的系統整合，加上物聯網（IoT）及智慧披露（Smart Disclosure）之新一代智慧建築發展、以及智慧製造（Smart Manufacture）與創客運動（Maker Movement）的熱潮，這樣的趨勢，迫使我們有必要提早思考AEC產業4.0四位一體的策略架構與解決方案。

藉由雲端伺服器與雲端產業的連結進行使用端的業主推動，管理導向、設施IOT整合，搭配產業管理的後續推動，可作為相關營運管理產業的前導範例。本計劃透過國際研討會、訪談與專家座談會等步驟進行實例研究，將臺灣目前開發有關雲端資訊輔助產業的公司概分為專業資訊公司、工程顧問公司以及建築設計相關公司，並且探討目前的使用者類型及未來的發展性；透過實例研究與資料蒐集後，由實際操作與演練以進行雲端作業的模擬流程，從雲端協同設計實例的參考步驟說明，導入點雲掃瞄實例操作，到雲端設施管理作業，以設計、竣工、維運模擬進行實案操作的範例。
本研究計畫之重要性包括：
1. 針對國內BIM雲端發展與需求，進行相對應雲端技術的資訊與規範管理探討，以政策導向、產業驅動以建立一個建築生產履歷的探討範例。
2. 針對目前國際通用的雲端軟體，進行國內BIM協作平台的整合平台雛形探討，可做為未來工程專案模擬的前導範例。
3. 針對雲端產業的規模分類，進行專案實際演練，由設計端進行推動與整合，推動整合多元化設計流程、都市與建築環境同步規劃的流程雛型。
四、 主要建議事項
建議一
業先導應用策略策略藍圖工作會議： 立即可行建議
主辦機關：內政部建築研究所、內政部營建署、行政院公共工程委員會
協辦機關：中華民國全國建築師公會、財團法人臺灣建築中心、中華民國公共工程資訊協會 、臺灣建築學會、臺灣營建研究院 、臺北市政府、新北市政府、臺中市政府、臺灣大學土木系、成功大學建築系

國內目前於AEC各方領域均有相當數量的BIM技術開發研究與實務，唯獨欠缺國家規範與施行辦法，對於國內BIM發展策略規劃，主辦機關可於北中南部各舉辦數場Roadmap Workshop，邀請產學界各路專家齊聚一堂，共同商討臺灣BIM4.0發展策略。本研究案已做基本示範提供參考，步驟如下：(1)先設定短中長期目標、(2)設定發展領域架構、(3)邀請各架構內相關領域學者、業界先進前來一同協商，提供意見，(4)整合意見並歸納出發展方針。依本研究執行的初步工作成效建議，未來的Roadmap Workshop將可著重於各縣市發展推動績效及挑戰進行主要議題，由於北部推動目前尚屬臺灣前瞻區域，中南部尚屬於產業方針不明確區域，透過在地化產學界各路專家的共同討論，將可有效引起並藉以推動各區域專家學者的注意；本研究建議各區域舉辦Roadmap Workshop的研擬方向為：(1)BIM可應用於產業之討論，(2)BIM在地化應用與推廣深化之技術，(3)雲端發展於各區域與BIM的連結性，(4)分區縣市的異業同盟與挑戰(5)整合分區發展策略與計劃。舉例來說，北部由於技術人才豐富，政府單位可發展BIM技術與雲端程式的相關推動，並由地方建管單位做示範性的實施，如落實雲端審查執照機制、雲端地籍資料庫建置等；中部房地產相關產業推動豐富，可以建設相關應用進行中下游產業的廠商資料庫整合推動；而南部的豐富傳統產業背景導致推動遲滯的狀態，可透過雲端連線與資訊交流層級推廣BIM基礎運用與在地化專用模板的開發。政府單位可成立BIM雲端作業專案小組，招集相關公司開發公部門雲端平台，提供給建築產業使用，以審照流程簡化或其他獎勵機制鼓勵建築產業使用，並提供雲端資料庫。
建議二
BIM雲端作業案例實作研究： 立即可行建議
主辦機關：內政部建築研究所、內政部營建署
協辦機關：中華民國全國建築師公會、財團法人臺灣建築中心、中華民國全國建築師公會、臺灣建築學會、臺北市政府、新北市政府、臺灣科技大學、成功大學建築系

由於目前世界性各種產業的迅速更迭，提高產業工作效率為目前各產業皆持續強化的核心目標，透過機械與自動化的運算以減少人力的耗損為目前的常見方式之一，但由於建築設計與營建產業多數工作會因為人、事、時、地、物等各種可能性產生各種無法預期的突發狀況，非如工業產品的固定參數與步驟產出；因此，雲端工作模式正可彌補目前設計與營建產業的圖說與營建工作時間差，研究團隊可透過國際案例，以及參考本研究所分析歸納之使用區段分類：（1）設計階段的資訊協同作業（2）設計接續施工管理階段的雲端協同作業（3）施工營建階段的雲端協同作業（4）營運管理的雲端作業（5）審查機制雲端作業（6）雲端元件整合平台以及訪談深入探討雲端產業目前與未來的工作模式，提出至少三種類型的工作範例，建議將工作範例分為： (1) 資訊軟體公司、(2) 工程顧問公司、 (3) 建築設計相關公司，並個別提出至少一種工作流程與範例，提供即將導入雲端工作模式的公司參考與執行，提高公司競爭力也提升臺灣與國際接軌的機會。未來課題將由實際案例進行先趨建議，並由研究者與相關公司建立推廣與合作關係，由BIM建築相關產業雲端推動實務發展，並於研究成果提出實際範例模組流程及實際公司運作之相關挑戰與過程記錄，以作為後續導入之相關公司的範本與建議。

建議三
以BIM科技推動AEC 4.0創新產業Living Lab： 立即可行建議
主辦機關：內政部建築研究所、內政部營建署、科技部
協辦機關：中華民國全國建築師公會、財團法人臺灣建築中心、中華民國公共工程資訊協會
在推動AEC4.0計畫草擬過程中，必須與國家現正推動的雲端應用與物聯網IoT結合，招集有意協助推動之業界廠商企業，進行Living Lab實際推動計劃，建議與目前建研所推動的「永續智慧社區創新實證示範計畫」結合，導入BIM到實際的場域，並蒐集產業界意見，參考使用者經驗加以修正。具體的建議為：(1)選定一個公有單位、校園、或園區場域設定為Living Lab，進行AEC 4.0的實際操作，可參考建議二提供之政府單位協作流程，演練操作項目包括雲端應用與物聯網IoT應用在智慧生活、智慧建築、設施管理、智慧節能、智慧交通等、(2) 透過Living Lab雲端平台與場域的物流系統、晶片系統、管控系統結合，所記錄的資料包括BIM模型、設施資料、營運資料，測試使用並歸納使用心得與發展願景；可透過Living Lab的實作應用，定期展示成果，整合參與廠商的技術與協作績效。Living Lab專案規畫小組應整理蒐集平台設計與使用者心得蒐集之研究調查報告，在架構設定一開始即保留可擴充至其他相關產業或應用化之空間，使專案推行內容具有繼承性，並能夠不斷延續發展。
建議四
BIM導入舊建築再利用以點雲技術研究暨實務演練： 立即可行建議
主辦機關：內政部建築研究所、內政部營建署、行政院公共工程委員會
協辦機關：中華民國全國建築師公會、財團法人臺灣建築中心、中華民國公共工程資訊協會
點雲是將BIM帶往建築生命週期中，在完工與維護、營運階段的重要技術。可以更精確地從場地勘查、施工檢核，到最後完工驗收作完整的查核，根據BIM資訊的內容也能達成法規上的自動化確認，其研發的技術也具有產業發展的潛力。建議可由舊建築改建或空間再利用方面開始著手，運用點雲技術展示舊建築再利用前與後之演變，保存修復與再造的建築資訊與工作流程；尋求協作廠商開發公用平台與技術、並研發可供業界購買或租用的設備與服務，從實務面導入點雲技術，將BIM推行方案與實務面做精確的連結。建議流程為：(1)舊建築維修前樣貌現勘，並用點雲紀錄維修前樣貌；(2)在Revit中可進行現況與計畫興建建築之模擬樣貌；(3)在施工期間用點雲完整記錄；(4)完工後將整套流程串接呈現。

I. Background
In recent years, the concept of Industry 4.0 is proposed by the German government and led the global to the fourth industrial revolution indirectly. The Industry 4.0 is attracting the attention around the world immediately as the Germany is the leader of industry in the world. Taiwan’s government is also actively developing the national high-tech strategies of Industry 4.0 for future and expected to integrate three major areas that are Internet of Things (IoT), Cloud Computing and Big Data to promote the forth industrial revolution.
The national level research of cloud BIM pilot applications and plans of industrial upgrade strategies to integrate Internet of Things (IoT), Cloud Computing, Big Data to upgrade the AEC industry to Industry 4.0 with BIM, at the same time promote the development of high-tech industry which has become a national priority for the technology development. The trendence of world are: (1)BIM management of information and rules, (2)BIM knowledge integration platform, (3)BIM green architectural design, (4)BIM intelligent facilities management.
II. Research methods and process
The first step of BIM cloud advanced application is to develop a roadmap of short-term, mid-term and long-term of BIM cloud development. And taking tests between BIM cloud data base and platform, integrating the results of visiting and meetings to compose the explaination of roadmap.

This research addresses three perspectives of BIM object development:
i. To elaboration the roadmap and mechanism of BIM cloud development, and
ii. To test the application of BIM cloud projects, and
iii. To visit and interview companies.
III. Key findings
In the past few years, cloud platform became a collective process of all tendences, 3D cloud integration visualize platform will be the next working generation with IOT ,Smart disclosure, Smart manufature and maker movement. We should consider the framework and solving scheme.
The importance of the research includes of:
1. An example of building antecedent of BIM cloud based technique.
2. Take the current international generic cloud software as examples to explore domestic BIM collaboration platform prototype.
3. Classify cloud industry with scale to carry out pratical exercises, promoting integrated design process, urban and environment by design unit.
4. By connecting the cloud server with cloud industries to integrate the use of terminal owners, management -oriented, IOT integration amd industrial management, the results can become the leading example od operational management.
The development type of the research includes of:
1. Rule Checking Architecture （Building Automation）2. Process Planning, Scheduling & Simulation （Model to Build）
3. Laser Surveying （Build to Model）
4. Off-Site Prefabrication （Construction Productivity）
IV. Suggestions
Suggestion one : Domestic BIM Cloud Application pioneer Application Strategy Blueprint workshop . (Feasible Immediately)
Organizers: Architecture and Building Research Institute, Ministry of the Interior. Construction and Planning Agency Ministry of the Interior . Public Construction Commission, Executive Yuan.
Co-organizer: Taiwan Architects Association. Taiwan Architecture & Building Center. Chinese Public Works Engineening Information Association. Architectural Institute of Taiwan. Taiwan Construction Research Institute. Taipei City Hall. New Taipei City Hall. Taichung City Hall. Department of Civil Engineering, National Taiwan University. Department of Architecture , National Cheng Kung University.
There has a considerable number of BIM technology development research and practice in all area of the AEC in Taiwan, but lack of the national stands and policies to define the process. The research team can invite professionals to hold Roadmap workshops in Taipei, Taichung and Kaohsiung. This research project provided an example to understand the basic process, the steps as the list: (1) Setting short-term, mid-term and long-term aim, (2) Prepare the frame work of development fields, (3) To invite scholars and professionals of the relevant fields to provide advice and discuss, (4) To integrate and sum up opinions to a guide of development. According to the preliminary results of this study, the Roadmap workshop will focus on the development of cities and the challenges of the main issues. Due to the leading development of Taipei and unclear policies in Taichung and Kaohsiung, these activities could attract attention by industries.

This study suggested the Roadmap Workshop in each region should be developed as follows: (1) The discussion of BIM can be applied to the industry. (2) The application and promotion in local fields (3) The BIM connection between cloud developments and several regions, (4) regional counties and cities of the industry alliance and challenges (5) integration of regional strategies and plans. For example, Taipei has rich technical personnel; government units can promote the development of BIM technology and cloud-related programs, and by the local construction management unit to do demonstration implementation, such as the implementation of cloud checking, cloud cadastral database. Taichung has rich amounts and development of real estate, promoting the BIM applications of the middle and lower reaches of the integration of manufacturers’ database. Moreover, the rich background of the Kaohsiung traditional industry and manage thought is the difficulty to promote. However, we cloud promote the BIM through the cloud connection and information exchange and making templates for users.
Suggestion two: BIM cloud practical projects case study . (Feasible Immediately)
Organizers: Architecture and Building Research Institute, Construction and Planning Agency Ministry of the Interior
Co-organizers: National Architects Association , Taiwan Architecture & Building Center, National Architects Association, Taipei City Government, New Taipei City Government, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Department of architecture of National Cheng Kung University
Due to the rapid change of various industries around the world, improving the industrial efficiency is the goal of all industries at present. It’s common methods to reduce manpower consumption through the operation of machinery and automation. However, Most of the architectural design and construction work of the industry could happen unexpected conditions because of people, things, time, place, material and other possibilities. Therefore, research team can separate types to: (1) Collaboration of design, (2) Collaboration of design and construction management phase, (3) Collaboration of construction, (4) Cloud application of management, (5) Checking system of cloud, (6)Component cloud platform. Research team should provide at least three types of work example: (1)IT software company, (2)construction and consulting company, (3)architectural design company, and provide a process and example for each type as the suggestion and template.
Suggestion three : Promoting the Living Lab in AEC 4.0 by BIM technology . (Feasible Immediately)
Organizers: Architecture and Building Research Institute, Ministry of the Interior. Construction and Planning Agency Ministry of the Interior . Ministry of Science and Technology , R.O.C.
Co-organizer: Taiwan Architects Association. Taiwan Architecture & Building Center. Chinese Public Works Engineening Information Association.
During the AEC 4.0 planning, the Cloud applications have to connect the IoT service, and the plan host has to congregate the companies to promote the Living Lab plan. For suggestion, the Living Lab can be planned to involve with the processing “Sustainable Smart Community Innovation Demonstration,” imported BIM to the practice. The specific step is: (1) Choosing a campus or an area to operate the AEC 4.0 project, referencing the suggestion two, the project including cloud applications, IoT applications, Smart architecture, facility management, energy saving, smart traffic, etc. The recorded database included BIM models, facilities database, operation database, and then testing the process, inducing the users’ experience. According the Living Lab projects, displaying the achievement usually, integrating the technologies and performance of the involved companies.

Suggestion four : Importing point cloud in the old building reusing and practicing operation . (Feasible Immediately)
Organizers: Architecture and Building Research Institute, Ministry of the Interior. Construction and Planning Agency Ministry of the Interior . Public Construction Commission, Executive Yuan.
Co-organizer: Taiwan Architects Association. Taiwan Architecture & Building Center. Chinese Public Works Engineening Information Association.
Point cloud is an impartment technology to leading BIM into the construction and operation in building life cycle. It causes the site survey, construction inspection and completion acceptance more accurate. According to the BIM information, automatizing the rule checking. Suggestion is old building reusing, by the point could technology, displaying the process of remodel. The specific step is: (1) Surveying the site before remodeling with point could, (2) simulating the reusing model in Revit and the old building, (3) recording the entire construction, (4) presenting the whole process while completing.