中華民國內政部建築研究所中華民國內政部建築研究所

一、緣起
根據內政部統計，2018年全國65歲以上老年人口占總人口比率在3月底達到14.05％，臺灣正式邁入「高齡社會」。隨著年齡的增加，視覺能力、認知能力等都不斷衰退，加上國內社區空間及環境標示系統之規劃設計與訊息提供，多以一般民眾為主要對象，未能切合高齡者對環境的認知，無法滿足高齡者視覺與行動能力特性，導致高齡者只能長期在家，大幅減少外出活動機會。
基於前述觀點，本研究主要目的為協助高齡者能掌握足夠的空間資訊下，有更安全的自主行動能力，以提升高齡者的生活品質，藉此建構友善的社區活動空間，真正達到世界衛生組織所提倡「活躍老化」、「在地老化」的目標，共同為國內高齡者營造一個活力、健康、友善、參與的「高齡友善社區」環境。這也是為我國未來邁入超高齡社會最重要的政策之一。
二、研究方法與過程
本研究對高齡友善社區認知地圖設計與建構原則，分成「問題」及「回應」兩部分，以質化分析深入探討問題，並藉由文獻及案例分析以獲得前人研究之概況，了解研究之主要課題與範疇。後續再針對現行法規與高齡者在地老化與活躍老化之需求與想法進行訪談，並透過與焦點團體之討論來整合研究課題。在「回應」部分，藉由專家諮詢、問卷調查及統計分析、擬訂高齡友善社區地圖繪製流程與設計原則等。
三、重要發現
1.透過問卷調查與實地訪談，分析高齡者對地理圖示與空間認知能力，並彙整專家及焦點團體建議，提出高齡友善社區地圖之設計與繪製原則建議。
2.80%以上的受訪者對於地圖的標示文字、圖示大小、底圖顏色的呈現，覺得非常同意與同意；顯示高齡者認同友善社區認知地圖的編排。
3.80%以上的受訪者覺得整張地圖簡單易懂、能快速找到目的地與標示地點為常去的場所，顯示此地圖能符合高齡者閱讀需求。
4.研提高齡友善社區地圖之設計與繪製原則建議及5處高齡者友善社區地圖範例，可提供給相關單位及各縣市政府繪製高齡者友善社區地圖之參考。
四、主要建議事項
本研究提出下列具體可行的建議事項：
建議一 
推廣「高齡者友善社區認知地圖」:立即可行建議
主辦機關：衛生福利部國民健康署、社會及家庭署
協辦機關：內政部建築研究所
本研究依據不同城鄉特性、以里為範圍，研提高齡友善社區地圖之設計與繪製原則建議，建議可參考該原則，並考量各里鄰環境之人文、自然等風土特性，以及結合高齡者生活所需資訊推廣該區域之「高齡者友善社區地圖」，進而提供各行政區或里鄰、社區發展協會、老人福利機構、戶政機關及各縣市鄉鎮公所等處發放及索取，做為推動高齡者走出戶外、社會參與及社會支持相關政策參考，達到活躍老化與在地老化之目標。
建議二  
結合社區鄰里休憩設施與長照服務據點等高齡者所需資源，擴充高齡友善地圖內容：立即可行建議。
主辦機關：內政部建築研究所
協辦機關：衛生福利部
探討高齡者平均持續步行距離等步行特性，調查既有社區鄰里休憩設施之分布情形，並結合長照2.0之服務中心及巷弄長照站，規劃區域守護照顧據點系統，使高齡者能自立照顧生活在熟悉環境中，減緩且預防高齡失智之發生，解決照顧人力不足與減輕照顧者之壓力。

1.Study Origin
According to the statistics of the ministry of the interior, by the end of March 2018, the proportion of the population aged over 65 had already reached 14.05%. this makes Taiwan a "senior citizen society". Because visual and cognitive abilities will decline with the increasing age, and the planning of local community space, environmental labeling system and public information provided are mostly aimed at the general public, this is not easy to meet the requirement of the environment cognizing and the visual and mobility characteristics of the elderly as well. As a result, the elderly can only stay at home instead of going out, which makes the elderly lose lots of opportunities to do some outdoor activities.
based on the above views, this study aims to make elderly people can easily handle spatial information, have safer self-supporting behaviors, improve the life quality of elderly people, construct friendly community space, truly reach the policy framework of " aging actively" and "aging-in-place " advocated by the world health organization, and make efforts to create an active, healthy, friendly and participating environment and to be an "elderly-friendly community", so as to achieve the goal of " aging-in-place" and " aging actively" as soon as possible. Obviously, this is one of the most important policies for our country to become the super old age society in the future.
2.Research methods and processes
This study is divided into two parts: "question" and "response". In addition to the literature and case studies, we will conduct follow-up interviews with the current regulations and the needs and ideas of the elderly in terms of aging-in-place and aging actively. In addition, we will learn the real needs of the elderly through interviews and integrate the topic through discussion with focus groups. In the "response" section, expert consultation, questionnaire survey, and statistical analysis, research conference to develop the mapping process and design principles of elderly-friendly community
3.Key findings
(1)Through questionnaire survey and field interview, analyze the elderly's geographic mapping and spatial cognition ability, and integrate the Suggestions of experts and focus groups, and put forward suggestions on the design and drawing principles of elderly-friendly community maps.
(2)More than 80% of the respondents agree with the presentation of the map's logo, size, and color; It shows that the elderly agree with the friendly community cognitive map.
(3)More than 80% of the respondents think the map is simple and easy to understand, and can quickly find the destination and mark the place as the frequented place, which shows that the map can meet the reading needs of the elderly.
(4)Suggestions on improving the design and mapping principles of aging-friendly community maps and five examples of aging-friendly community maps can be provided for relevant units and county governments to draw aging-friendly community maps.
4.Main Suggestions
This study proposes the following specific feasible Suggestions:
Suggestion 1: Compilation of "An Elderly Friendly Community Cognitive Map" - Immediately Possible Suggestions:
Organizer: Ministry of Health and Social Welfare.
Co-organizers:
Organizer: Architecture and Building Research Institute, Ministry of the Interior. Local governments, township offices of counties and cities
China University of Science and Technology
Based on the characteristics of different urban and rural areas and the scope of the villages, this study proposes the design and drawing principles of the elderly friendly community map. It is recommended that the “Elderly Friendly Community Map” can be printed for the Village Chiefs’ Room, community development association, and the elderly welfare agencies, District Household Registration Office, and township and town offices in counties and cities. They could be distributed to senior citizens and their caregivers to help them. It is very important for us to achieve the goal of aging actively and aging in place.
Suggestion 2: Conduct follow-up research on different purposes of use, design and drawing criteria for different layers of elderly-friendly community cognitive maps -- immediate and feasible Suggestions:
Organizer: Architecture and Building Research Institute, Ministry of the Interior.
Co-organizer:  Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, China University of Science and Technology. 
In the future, research will be conducted on different use purposes and different layer design and drawing criteria of elderly-friendly community cognitive maps, such as weekends clinic, safety path, and its distance, etc. It is suggested that research can be conducted on different use purposes and different layer design and drawing criteria in the future.
Suggest 3: Establish an electronic elderly-friendly community cognition map system -- medium and long term Suggestions:
Organizer: Architecture and Building Research Institute, Ministry of the Interior.
Co-organizer:  Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, China University of Science and Technology. 
With the continuous progress of electronic technology, electronic map system is bound to become the trend of the future. In addition to providing instant map image information, it can also import voice services through the APP system. To build an electronic map system for elderly-friendly community recognition and move towards the elderly-friendly city. With the continuous progress of electronic technology, electronic map system is bound to become the trend of the future. In addition to providing instant map image information, it can also import voice services through the APP system. To build an electronic map system for elderly-friendly community recognition and move towards the elderly-friendly city.