中華民國內政部建築研究所中華民國內政部建築研究所

一、研究起源
臺灣長照機構火災事件發生時有所聞，火災預防及危機應變尚有很大檢討的空間；再者，消防觀念日新月異，以往一些舊有的消防觀念已不符現今的火災應變處理原則，單靠機構防火管理人進行內部消防訓練以及消防單位進行消防教育訓練之宣導等工作，尚不足以應付突發性之災害，為加強機構員工對於火災安全能力，本計畫特針對強化工作人員的防火意識、相關安全教育及災害應變能力發展，未來可以此回饋未來各單位機關在執行防火管理相關制度及災害搶救各項作為之研究參考。    
對於避難演練方面包括機構負責人、護理人員及照服員等全體工作人員皆應接受過消防自衛編組或R.A.C.E.（R(Remove、Rescue)：立即將病人移出著火的區域或房間。A(Alarm)：按消防警鈴，通報總機(分機9)及消防指揮中心119，請總機廣播或是通知其他周邊的人員。C(Contain)：人員撤離著火的病房立即關上房門，把火及煙侷限在某一區域，以利人員疏散。E(Evcuation、Extinguish)：對火源進行滅火。）有關講習及操作訓練，並且應有考核機制確定所有人員熟悉有關步驟動作並加強情境實際演練，以模擬災例之夜間班人力進行演練及實測。
二、研究方法及過程
本研究擬以模擬長照機構住房空間，進行系列之模擬火災實驗，以了解火災成因(圍簾、床、床頭櫃、床墊等)如何擴大成長，包括觀察住房溫度及煙氣變化情形、內裝材料及擺設物品影響火焰延燒情形、隔間高度對火煙控制的影響、病床延燒的原因、是否會有閃燃現象…等火災情境，以提供該住房火場中溫度及煙生成之變化，以提供機構從業人員進行初期滅火及通報、疏散避難之判斷參考。
三、重要發現
依本研究模擬空間實驗結果，在情境(一)無排煙窗設備、情境(二)探測器啟動後開啟自然排煙窗以及情境(三)模擬加設空調進排風口與防焰圍簾這三種模擬情境下，初步發現點火後約2分到2分半光電二種偵煙探測器作動，4分半到4分50秒左右煙層下降至1.8公尺。
四、主要建議事項
根據研究發現，提出下列具體建議：
建議一 
加強長期照顧機構有關火災成長知識教育訓練：立即可行建議
主辦機關(單位)：內政部建築研究所
協辦機關(單位)：衛生福利部、內政部營建署、消防署、財團法人台灣建築中心
建議內容詳如第五章第二節建議一。
建議二 
辦理有關長期照顧機構水平區劃之改善方式之研究：立即可行建議
主辦機關(單位)：內政部營建署、建築研究所
協辦機關(單位)：衛生福利部、財團法人台灣建築中心
建議內容詳如第五章第二節建議二。
建議三 
研議長照機構使用之床墊耐燃實驗標準及認證方法：中長期建議
主辦機關(單位)：經濟部標準檢驗局 
協辦機關(單位)：衛生福利部、內政部消防署、建築研究所、財團法人台灣建築中心
建議內容詳如第五章第二節建議三。
建議四
進行不同室內空間規模大小及天花板高度之火、煙變化探討：中長期建議
主辦機關（單位）：內政部建築研究所
協辦機關(單位)：衛生福利部、財團法人台灣建築中心
建議內容詳如第五章第二節建議四。
建議五
建置實尺寸住房火災模型，提供機構人員實施初期滅火及應變疏散之訓練基地：
中長期建議。
主辦機關（單位）：衛生福利部、內政部建築研究所、消防署
協辦機關（單位）：財團法人台灣建築中心
建議內容詳如第五章第二節建議五。

I、Purpose of research
Fire breaks out at Long-Term Care Facilities are frequently happening in Taiwan, there has a great room for improvement about fire prevention and crisis response. Furthermore,the concepts of fire prevention are improving rapidly. Some previously concepts of fire prevention does not in keeping with current principles of fire emergency treatment. There were not enough to handle the huge workload with sudden disasters relying on the facility’s fire management managers or fire brigade department to conduct internal fire response training.In order to strengthen the staff's ability to fire safety, this project in connection with strengthening the fire prevention awareness, the development of related safety education and fire response capabilities of staffs, in the future, this plan can be used as a reference for future research in the implementation of fire management related systems and disaster rescue measures.
Staffs, attendants, nurses and managers who working at the facilities should be organizing a fire self-defense group or follow the R.A.C.E. fire procedure R(Rescue/Remove): Rescue or remove any persons from the immediate scene. A(Alarm): Pull the nearest alarm and call 119 or external 9 for notice other persons.C(Confine): Close all doors to the hazard or fire area.E(Extinguish): Extinguish using the closest fire extinguisher if the fire impedes your evacuation. and must to make sure every staffs pass the  internal assessment even more develops an exercise plan of fire procedure.
II、Research methods and processes
The research plans to build a housing place in long-term care institution of five beds according to the standard for nursing institutions to analyze the cause of fire, simulate fire development scenario in the space, and propose fire scenario in order to understand 
 the change of fire at site and the generation of smoke in the nursing home, which can further provide information to be used as reference for initial fire-fighting, report, and evacuation to the employees in the institution.
III、Significant findings
  According to the simulation space experiment results in this study, Situation (1)：no open Smokestack equipment、Situation (2)：after smoke detector start up open smokestack equipment and Situation (3)：add exhaust port and flameproof curtain ,  according to experiment result , we found 2 minutes to 2.5 minutes after ignition smoke detector start up , About 4 minutes and a half to 4 minutes and 50 seconds smoke layer falling to 1.8 meters .
IV、Main suggestions
The following detailed suggestions were proposed according to the study:
1.Investigate the test and method of mattress flame resistance certification.
2.Strengthen education and training on fire prevention and evacuation safety risks and fire and smoke growth of long-term care .
3.institutions
4.Promote waiting for rescue space evacuation verification
5.Investigate the change of fire and smoke in different ceiling heights and indoor spaces
6.Strengthen the promotion of independent inspections of fire prevention and refuge safety risks in long-term care institution.