中華民國內政部建築研究所中華民國內政部建築研究所

一、研究緣起
因應全球氣候變遷及能源日漸匱乏嚴重情況下，近年來世界各國積極發展零能源及低碳建築，推動節能減碳及綠色環保技術，歐盟、美國及部分亞洲國家已經將建築零耗能或近零能源建築納入國家減碳目標期程，顯示零耗能建築將是未來建築發展的主流。歐盟訂出2019年所有新建公共建築及2021年所有新建建築，須符合「近零耗能建築」的基準。德國雖未針對「近零耗能建築」訂出標準，惟以務實方式推動建築節能，並訂出到2020年，與1990年相比溫室氣體排放量應減少40％，以及到2050年，與2008年相比主要能源消耗應降低50％。英國更率先自2018年4月起，要求所有新建建築都必須符合碳平衡的零碳排放標準。美國能源部則提出「淨零能源商業建築倡議」，訂出2030年前所有商業類新建建築需達到零耗能標準。日本亦設定2030年前需實踐零碳建築目標，推動方式採用經產省及環境省之ZEB、ZEH制度，並建立其與既有之綠建築標章（CASBEE）之連結。我國近零能源建築議題尚處於發展階段，惟目前我國「能源轉型白皮書」已將近零能源建築納為建築部門節能計畫重要推動工作之一。經盤點我國目前具備之基礎，內政部建築技術規則已訂有綠建築專章，建築物外殼耗能資訊透明機制，既有綠建築建築標章EB版及建築能源標示制度均在研議中，為國內未來重要能源政策實施重要工作。
二、研究方法與過程
本研究分析探討近零能源建築所需之相關技術與條件外，並探討我國推動近零能源建築之發展策略，調合綠建築與近零能源建築量化評估方法與基準，研究方法主要以文獻回顧收集國外先進國家有關近零能源建築推動措施，及整理近零能源建築主要之技術手法文獻資料，並探討我國現有相關法規對於推動近零能源建築不足之處。其次與國內專家學者諮詢請益有關近零能源建築之技術與策略建議，並配合調整修正研究成果。藉由歐盟及日本等先進國家之推動近零能源建築經驗，比較分析我國推動近零能源建築之現況，探討適合我國推動近零能源建築之發展策略與可行性。綜合上述相關資料進行通盤檢討後，就技術面研擬我國綠建築調合近零能源建築之發展策略。
三、研究成果與發現
完成國內外有關近零能源建築相關研究文獻資料，以及歐美日本先進國家對於近零能源建築之政策推動措施與相關期程目標，成果概要如下:
1.完成蒐集國內外近零能源建築之相關政策目標及推動作法。
2.釐清零能源建築定義與完成國外近零建築案例之彙整。
3.完成探討我國綠建築日常節能指標與建築能耗之關聯評估。
4.完成零能源建築量化評估方法與評估標準情境。
5.完成零能源建築分級基準及評估制度擬議。
四、建議事項
建議一
訂立近零能源建築明確的目標期程：立即可行之建議
主辦機關：經濟部能源局
協辦機關：內政部營建署、內政部建築研究所
國際上歐美先進國已明確訂立 ZEB 或近零能源時程及達成目標，亞洲地區之日、韓、新加坡、香港也積極建立時程目標與推動近零能源建築政策，政府應著手訂立明確的目標期程、相關的配套節能標準與獎勵措施，展示我國推動近零能源建築的決心與執行力，並促進建築技術產業的再升級。
建議二
確立近零能源建築跨部會分工推動機制：立即可行之建議
主辦機關：經濟部能源局
協辦機關：內政部營建署、內政部建築研究所
近零能源建築的制度推動與落實，需要積極經濟能源政策與產業輔導面相來配合實施，世界各國多以經濟能源與產業發展主管部門，為零能源建築政策推動之主導單位，建築管理與環保部門為協辦單位。建議國內以經濟部能源部門做為政策主導的單位，由建築管理主管部門內政部營建署或建築研究所，建立建築能源標示機制與建築能耗評估基準來配合推行。
建議三
建立建築能源標示制度：中長期建議
主辦機關：內政部建築研究所
協辦機關：內政部營建署、經濟部能源局
建築能源標示制度的實施是銜接近零能源建築重要之機制，歐盟國家及日本均以建築能源標示制度先行實施，確立建築能源評估方法與建築能耗基準，以使近零能源建築制度得以順利推行。我國建築能源標示制度尚處研議階段，建議調和綠建築能源指標與標章制度公布實施，以利銜接零能源建築制度之施行。
建議四
準零能源建築納入綠建築標章制度執行評估：中長期建議
主辦機關：內政部建築研究所
協辦機關：內政部營建署、經濟部能源局
準零能源建築RZEBTB(Ready Zero Energy Building)與準零能源住宅RZEBTH(Ready Zero Energy Housing)以建築節能為目標，無需評估再生能源之採用，延續綠建築評估方法與基準之提昇，執行制度上可以納入綠建築標章制度執行評估，並於日常節能指標中標示與登錄。近零能源建築NZEBTB(Ready Zero Energy Building)與零能源建築ZEBTB除了建築節能門檻評估外，必須採納再生能源之發電評估與平衡計算，而再生能源之推動制度與相關措施屬經濟部權責，必須跨部會合作執行方有成效，故有待經濟部來共同推動，由內政部協助提供評估方法與計算基準。

1.Introduction
In response to global climate change and the increasing crisis of energy, in recent years, countries around the world are actively developing zero-energy and low-carbon buildings to promote energy conservation and carbon reduction and green technology. European Union, the United States and some Asian countries have incorporated zero-energy or near-zero energy buildings into the national carbon reduction target period, showing that zero-energy buildings will be the mainstream of future building development. The EU has set a target of "near zero energy-consuming buildings" for all new public buildings in 2020. Although Germany does not set standards for near-zero energy-consuming buildings, it has pragmatically promoted energy efficiency in buildings and has set a target of reducing greenhouse gas emissions for 40% by 2020 compared to 1990 and reducing major energy consumption 50% reduction compared to year of 2008. The UK is the first country to start in April 2018 by requiring all new buildings to meet the zero-carbon emissions standard. The Department of Energy of USA has launched the Net Zero Energy Commercial Building Initiative, which sets zero energy consumption standards for all new commercial buildings by 2025. Japan has also set a zero-carbon building target by 2030, promoting the adoption of the ZEB and ZEH systems of the Ministry of Economy, Industry and the Environment, and establishing its links to the established Green Building Label (CASBEE). Taiwan’s near-zero energy construction issues are still in the development stage.However, Taiwan's "Energy Transformation White Paper" has nearly zero energy construction for the construction sector energy conservation plan to be one of the important promotion mission. Nowadays, the Ministry of the Interior building technical rules have set a green building labeling system, building envelop energy consumption information transparency mechanism, and building energy marking system are under discussion, for the future of the country's important energy policy implementation.
2.Research methods and processes
This study analyzes the relevant technologies and conditions required for near-zero energy buildings, and explores the development strategies of Taiwan to promote near-zero energy buildings, and adjusts the quantitative assessment methods and benchmarks of green buildings and near-zero energy buildings. Firstly, the technical methods of near-zero energy building and the Taiwan's existing relevant laws and regulations would be collected and reviewed. Secondly, thedomestic experts and scholars would be consult for the advice of near zero energy building technology and strategy, as the adjustment and revision of research results. Through the experience of promoting near-zero energy construction in advanced countries such as the European Union and Japan, the current situation of promoting near-zero energy construction could be compared and analyzed to explore the strategy and feasibility of promoting near-zero energy construction in Taiwan. After a comprehensive review of the above-mentioned relevant data, the development strategy of the green building in Taiwan for the integration of near zero energy buildings is developed on the technical aspects.
3.Results and discoveries
This research completedthe domestic and foreign research literature data on near-zero energy construction, as well as the policy promotion measures and related period objectives of advanced countries in Europe, America and Japan for near-zero energy construction, the results are summarized as below:
1). To complete the relevant policy objectives and promotion practices for the collection of near-zero energy buildings at domestic and abroad.
2). Clarify the definition of zero energy building and complete the consolidation of near-zero building cases abroad.
3). Complete the evaluation of the relationship between the daily energy-saving pointer of green building in Taiwan and the energy consumption of building.
4). Complete the quantitative assessment method and evaluation standard scenario for zero-energy buildings.
5). The zero-energy building grading benchmark and assessment system are proposed with integration of green building system in Taiwan.
4.Recommendations
Advanced countries in Europe and the United States have clearly established ZEB or near zero energy time frame and achieve the goal, the Asian region of Japan, South Korea, Singapore, Hong Kong is also actively establishing time-lapse targets and promoting the near-zero energy construction policy, and the Government should set out a clear target period, relevant supporting energy-saving standards and incentives to demonstrate the determination and enforcement to promote near-zero energy construction, and promote the upgrading of the construction technology industry. In order to promote and implement the system of near zero energy construction, it is necessary for active economic energy policy and industrial guidance to cooperate with the implementation.The zero energy construction policy were promoted by economic and energy industrial development authoritiesand cooperated with building management and environmental protection departments in many advanced countries. It is recommended that the energy department of the Ministry of Economy as the policy-lead authority, the Ministry of Interior Construction Department or the Institute of Building Research as the department of building management, establish a building energy marking mechanism and building energy consumption assessment benchmarks to cooperate with the implementation.
Ministry of the Interior Construction Department, Ministry of Economy Energy Bureau construction energy marking system implementation is an important mechanism to connect near zero energy buildings. The European Union countries and Japan implemented the building energy marking system, established the building energy assessment methods and building energy consumption benchmarks to enable the smooth implementation of the near-zero energy construction system. Taiwan's construction energy marking system is still in the stage of deliberations. it is proposed to reconcile the green building energy pointer and marking system announced implementation, in order to benefit from the implementation of zero energy construction system.