中華民國內政部建築研究所中華民國內政部建築研究所

一、研究緣起
隨著國內經濟發展及氣候變遷加劇，國內水資源不僅呈現不足的情勢，更面臨開發新水源不易的困境。內政部建築研究所為鼓勵興建省能源、省資源、低污染之綠建築建立舒適、健康、環保之居住環境，以綠建築九大指標進行評估，其中水資源指標中除採取節水器材之外，亦鼓勵收集使用雨水作為替代水源，以減少對水資源開發的壓力，其也成為未來缺水對策中重要的方法，對此經濟部水利署已完成修改水利法將雨水貯集利用列為新興水源主要項目之一。
本所配合國內綠建築政策之推動，已於106年「雨水貯留設施系統設計與產品模組化技術探討」研究成果，完成研擬國內適用之「綠建築雨水貯集利用系統模組」型式，將其分類成「基本型」及「標準型」兩大類，以及細分成36種可能配置型態，以提供建築師或規劃師在後續做雨水貯集系統設施規劃、配置型態選定時之規劃決策參考。並於107年「綠建築雨水貯集利用系統之應用推廣研究」進以完成「綠建築雨水貯集利用系統模組設計手冊(草案)」，提供雨水貯集利用系統做為推廣及設計規劃之技術依據。
本研究案執行期程為十個半月，爰引本所協同研究計畫需求說明，研究計畫之研究旨在擬定雨水貯集利用效益提升計畫綱要及完成一場培訓講習會議，擬延續本所106年度計畫之綠建築雨水貯集利用系統模組型式之配置成果，以及107年度計畫之綠建築雨水貯集利用系統模組設計手冊(草案)之推廣及設計規劃成果作為基礎，將近年雨水貯集利用相關推廣成果及案場資料進行彙整分析，遴選常之模組型式進而綜整其相關資訊，作為培訓講習會內容之依據；進而研擬綠建築雨水貯集利用系統效益提昇綱要與內容，將相關技術應用於實務設計層面，並透過問卷調查與分析，完成綠建築雨水貯集利用教育培訓課程需求項目之擬訂，以及完成辦理一場培訓講習會議，預期可增進相關人士及設計規劃者對於雨水貯集利用系統技術之認知，並具社會推廣之效果。
二、研究方法及過程
研究內容初步之6項研究內容，研究案之工作項目如下：
1.蒐集彙整國內外雨水貯集教育推廣成果及相關案場推動資料及其案場規劃、施作等相關成果。
2.近年雨水貯集利用相關推廣成果及案例資料彙整分析，進以研究探討雨水貯集利用推動過程遭遇之問題，並研提修訂方法建議。
3.配合前述案場分析與資料彙整成果，以及本所「綠建築雨水貯集利用系統模組」之「基本型」或「標準型」分類中，進階遴選常用至少5種之模組型式，進以綜整其相關資訊，作為培訓內容之依據。
4.探討結合本所「綠建築雨水貯集利用系統模組設計手冊」後續應用程序與培訓方法研議。
5.研擬綠建築雨水貯集利用系統效益提昇方法與內容。
6.結合前述研究成果及本所「綠建築雨水貯集利用系統模組設計手冊」，辦理一場培訓講習會(以100人為原則)。
三、重要發現
本計畫針對個案例進行集水方式、儲水型式、供水標的、淨水方法…等進行初步討論與分類，透過「綠建築雨水貯集利用系統模組」之「基本型」及「標準型」進行型式分類統計，並透過彙整分析成果選出常見的前六名，以植栽綠化標準型的第七型為最多，其他依序為植栽綠化基本型的型式六及型式七、沖廁及其他基本型的型式七、沖廁及其他標準型的型式六、以及植栽綠化基本型的型式一。
為瞭解國內雨水貯集利用系統之規劃設計人員、建築師及實際工程應用上所需等相關內容，本計畫藉雨水貯集教育推廣方法之問卷調查，調查需求者所接受培訓的課程內容，包含授課方式調查、需求課程調查、授課時數調查，其他如授課地點、課程費用、發放證照或考試…等。其成果將培訓課程擬定為六大主題，分為雨水貯集利用概論、規劃設計及產品規格、施工、操作維護管理、監測設備、實務實習等六大類，每個課程主題將預計於半天至一天內完成。
本年度計畫經各方諮詢意見彙整、排版與章節調整、文句修飾與用字建議、易讀性修正、美編、繪圖、內容補充、封面及封底設計等工作於6月份完成「綠建築雨水貯集利用系統模組設計手冊」出版；並於10月份完成雨水貯集利用系統培訓講習會辦理，其講習內容分為四個部分，分別為雨水利用概念與現況、韓國雨水利用現況與展望、雨水利用系統模組規劃設計及產品設備選擇及雨水利用系統施作案例及維護注意事項。
四、主要建議事項
建議一
辦理建築基地地表逕流雨水貯集利用規劃設計研究：短期可行建議
主辦機關：內政部建築研究所
協辦機關：財團法人台灣建築中心
近年已針對雨水貯集利用系統完成雨水貯留設施系統設計與產品模組化技術探討、綠建築雨水貯集利用系統之應用推廣研究與產業分析，以及今年的設計與管理維護之研究。然而目前所研究的內容皆僅限於建築屋頂進行雨水收集而利用，近年地表逕流貯集的應用推廣也逐漸受到重視，但仍係側重於都市洪水防制的應用，以水資源貯集利用為設計目的則相對缺乏。
建議未來應針對建築基地內地表逕流雨水貯集相關內容進行研究，若能將建築基地內的地表逕流雨水進行貯集利用，約可多出一倍或以上雨水收集量，可大幅提高雨水的利用效率，能更有效控制建築基地內的雨水，達到水資源的源頭控管之永續目的。
建議二
綠建築雨水貯集利用系統教材增修訂與培訓講習辦理：中長期可行建議
主辦機關：內政部建築研究所
協辦機關：財團法人台灣建築中心
內政部建築研究所於今年6月份已完成綠建築雨水貯集利用系統模組設計手冊出版，並於本年度完成案場推動資料及其案場規劃、施作等相關成果蒐集彙整，並研擬效益提升方法與相關內容，以及完成培訓課程及教育推廣方法之問卷調查，並初步辦理一場雨水貯集利用系統培訓講習會。
由於初步辦理成果廣受外界支持與肯定，建議後續針對本年度成果與手冊發行後各方意見進行蒐集，對綠建築雨水貯集利用系統模組設計手冊進行增修訂，使手冊內容更臻完備；並參考問卷內容及統整會後各方意見，針對培訓講習內容進行進行增修訂，完成綠建築雨水貯集利用系統培訓講習辦理，加強落實綠建築雨水貯集利用之管理技術，透過此一技術之建立可有效提昇雨水利用工程設計時的效率，並減少不當設計之情況，降低不必要之花費，提高雨水貯集利用系統之效益。

1.Purpose of the research
With the increase economic development and dramatic climate change, water resources in Taiwan run in shortage supply and also face the dilemma of new water resources development. The Architecture and Building Research Institute, Ministry of Interior, has encouraged to build energy-saving, resource-saving and low-pollution green buildings which will provide a comfortable, healthy and environmentally friendly living environment. There are nine indicators to evaluate green buildings. In water resources indicator, it encourages using water-saving equipment and collecting and using rainwater as an alternative water source to reduce the pressure on water resources development. Also, Water Resources Agency, Ministry of Economic Affairs, has revised the Water Law to include rainwater harvesting as one of new water resource in recent years.
To operate in coordination with green building policy, the institute has completed the project entitled "Rainwater Harvesting System Design and Production Modularity Technology Investigation" in year of 2017. In the project, it proposed available modules for rainwater harvesting system applied in green building. It can be classified into two modules: basic and standard and can be further divided into 36 possible types to provide architects a/o planners as reference in rainwater harvesting system planning and design. Also in year of 2018, the institute has also completed the project entitled "Application and Promotion Study of Rainwater Harvesting Systems in Green Building". In the project, the draft of "Green Building Rainwater Storage and Utilization System Design Manual" had been completed which will provide as the guidance for promotion and design planning for rainwater harvesting system.
Base on the results obtained in previous, the purpose of this project is to draw up the effectiveness promotion methods for rainwater harvesting systems and assessment the training courses required and hold a training workshop for rainwater harvesting system. This research project period takes ten months.
2.Methodology and procedures
Contents of the research of methodology and procedures include following six items:
1.Collect and sort the results of education promotion and related case studies to promote in planning and construction of rainwater harvesting systems from domestic and foreign countries.
2.Collect and analysis the results of education promotion and related case studies in recent years to explore the barriers in promoting rainwater harvesting systems and propose the proper methods.
3.In conjunction with the case studies, data collection, and 36 types recommended in the "basic" or "standard" modules for rainwater harvesting systems, at least five types commonly used should be selected to propose the effectiveness promotion recommendations and integrate relevant information for training course material.
4.Explore the follow-up application procedures and training methods in conjunction with “Rainwater Harvesting Systems Design Manual for Green Building”.
5.Develop methods and contents for improving the efficiency of rainwater harvesting systems in green buildings.
6.Combined the research results obtained in the above process and the " Rainwater Harvesting Systems Design Manual for Green Building" manual to conduct a training workshop for rainwater water harvesting (more than 100 audience).
3.Major findings
The six most popular used rainwater harvesting systems are selected based on the method of rainwater collection, rainwater storage type, purpose of rainwater supply, rainwater purification method, etc. from the cases collected and types of rainwater harvesting systems classification in the previous results of the research. The number 1 most used rainwater harvesting system type is type seven in standard module in the classification for the purpose of irrigation and the following orders are as following: types six and seven in basic module for irrigation; type seven in basic module for toilet flushing; type six in standard module for toilet flushing; and type one in basic module for irrigation.
To understand the practical required knowledge in rainwater harvesting systems planning and design for architects, designers and other relative engineers, this research investigates and collects opinions from those people involved vis investigation questionnaires in contents of training courses including ways of training, required courses, time of training, location of training, cost, certification, examination, etc. This research has found that major training topics including the basic of rainwater harvesting systems, planning/design and products standard, construction/operation/maintenance, monitoring system design and on-site training. The time interval for training courses is recommended between half and one day.
4.Major recommendation items
Through this research, following three immediate to short- and middle- to long-term recommendations are listed and explained as followings:
Recommendation 1
Continuing education and effectiveness promotion program for rainwater harvesting system planning and design: immediate to short-term
Organizer: Architecture and Building Research Institute, Ministry of Interior
Co-organizers: Construction and Planning Agency, Ministry of the Interior; ; Water Resources Agency, Ministry of Economic Affairs.
Concept of rainwater harvesting becomes popular and accepts by most general public in Taiwan. But knowledge for planning and design in rainwater harvesting systems is not enough for those of professional experts and technical certification system and project management for rainwater harvesting system are not existed. These will become barriers for promoting rainwater harvesting systems in the future.
To promote the quality of construction and benefits of rainwater harvesting systems, a series of continuing education programs for rainwater harvesting systems in planning, design, construction and O&M is needed in the immediate to short-term period.
Recommendation 2
Planning and Design of Rainwater Harvesting Systems from Surface at Construction Sites: short- to middle-term
Organizer: Architecture and Building Research Institute, Ministry of Interior
Co-organizers: Construction and Planning Agency, Ministry of the Interior; Water Resources Agency, Ministry of Economic Affairs.
In the previous studies, most research about rainwater harvesting systems are focusing on collect rainwater from rooftop of buildings. Rainwater collected from rooftop has relative good water quality. In recent, rainwater harvesting from surface of construction sites, parks, parking lots, public space, etc. has been adopted and became popular for both water supply and storm water mitigation. Water quality from different surface have different water quality. Therefore, water purification methods are different. Therefore, the new methods for designing and planning for rainwater collection and management from surface are needed. This research project is recommended to be accomplished in short- to middle-term.