中華民國內政部建築研究所中華民國內政部建築研究所

一、研究緣起
現今世上有超過一半的人口居住在城市地區，都市人口的大量成長導致許多城市的基礎建設和空間容積的擴張已達到頂峰為城市管理者帶來了巨大的挑戰， 政府和相關民間企業不得不強化思考如何最完善的規劃有限空間和資源的使用。而智慧化技術提供了城市一個整體性改善的機制與機會，透過物聯網的連結和數據分析能力，大眾可隨時掌握閒置資源所在地點及狀態，需求者即可容易的獲取及共享運用該資源。如此，城市內閒置資源得以被有效的釋放，此方式即為紓解資源不足極具效能的方式。
本研究擬藉由調查現有共享空間與設施之運用問題，設計一可持續的創新共享商業模型，在此種模式推廣下，需求者購買實體設備的需求和意願皆會降低，設備廠商也因為仍擁有設備，將會以最有效的方式維護設備，延長其使用年限以降低成本。降低對設備的需求即可降低生產量，亦可降低過量產品所產生對環境的額外壓力。共享經濟、成果經濟和循環經濟模式，提供了城市智慧化的經濟架構基礎，並可具體反應在各種智慧城市的建築與設施應用領域中。
二、研究方法及過程
本研究方法是採用文獻蒐集及案例調查法，依計畫訂定之研究議題來做分析並歸納整理。透過文獻回顧探索共享經濟和智慧城市的發展脈絡並觀察新興科技在與日俱增的情況下，城市間是如何有效將數位融合技術將資源做整合，以做為新型共享空間技術與研究的佐證資料。藉由參考國內外的共享建築管理案例及相關法規議題和推動政策做為發展創新模式的基礎，並透過邀請相關領域的專家和學者針對本模式延伸之研究議題做交流討論，歸納出本模式應該考量之因素與缺失進行改善修正，落實商業模型的可行性。
三、重要發現
研究結果指出，城市中的共享模式透過物聯網取得來自實體環境豐富的數據以有效傳遞供需雙方之交換訊息，而新型共享模式藉由物聯網系統結合區塊鏈和人工智慧技術，可以確保大眾所獲取數據的完整性，進一步的提升數位和實體系統運作的功效。依據探討技術的特性對於現有共享模式問題解決具有實際功效另加探討相關之法規政策，其所帶來的功效才得以有效的發揮共享模式。本研究同時彙整相關單位支專家所提及之建議與其相對應的解決方式，已歸納出一套共享商業對應之流程和機制給政府機關及未來欲承辦單位之建議以供參考。
四、主要建議事項
建議一：
進行建築物設施共享創新商業模式應用之研究：立即可行建議
主辦機關：內政部營建署
協辦機關：內政部建築研究所
說明：提供由單位彙整的國內外共享建築與設施之案例及他國推動政策給共享建築開發單位，作為開發之參考依據，並依照國內企業與市場間的需求，產業可擬定一套自己的商業規範及應用。
建議二：進行共享建築物與設施之相關標章制定：中長期建議事項
主辦機關：行政院國家發展委員會、內政部營建署
協辦機關：內政部建築研究所
說明:目前智慧建築持續被做推廣，透過創新模式的導入智慧建築標章(設備設施創新設計利用)並透過建設示範場域做試驗，同時，政府協助給予激勵因素，推動和協助督促執行進度，以強化落實推廣之可能性。

I.Introduction
Nowadays, more than half of the population lives in urban areas, and the huge growth in the urban population has led to the expansions of both city infrastructure and spatial floor area reaching the peak, and has brought an enormous challenge on urban managers. The government and relevant private sectors cannot but think hard on how to most comprehensively plan the use of limited spaces and resources. Smart technology provides cities with the mechanism and opportunity to achieve overall improvement. Through IoT links and data analysis capabilities, the general public can readily monitor the locations and statuses of idle spaces, and demanders can easily access, share, and use such resources. This way, idle resources in the city can be effectively released, and this approach is considered a highly efficient way of bringing relief to resource inadequacy.
Through a survey on the existing shared spaces and facility use issues, this study designed a business model of sustainable innovation and sharing. Under the promotion of such a model, the need and willingness for demanders to purchase physical equipment will diminish, while equipment vendors that still have equipment in stock will maintain the equipment in the most effective way to extend their shelf life and reduce costs. By reducing the demand for equipment, production can be reduced, and additional pressure arising from excessive products on the environment can also be reduced. Shared economy, outcome economy, and circular economy models provide the economic framework basis for city intelligentization and can specifically reflect on the application fields of various smart city buildings and facilities.
II.Research Methods and Processes
This research method adopted literature collection and case survey methods, and research issues set in the plan were analyzed, summarized, and compiled. Through literature reviews, the context of the development of shared economy and smart cities were explored, while how cities in the face of increasingly numerous new technologies effectively integrate resources through digital convergence technology, which shall serve as new shared space technology and research proof. In reference to shared building management cases from foreign countries and relevant regulatory issues and promotion policies as the innovative model development basis and by inviting experts and scholars from relevant fields that exchange ideas on the extended research issues in this model, the factors to be considered for the model were summarized, and the insufficiencies were improved and corrected, thereby implementing the feasibility of the business model.
III.Results
Based on this study, the sharing model in the city obtains data from the physical environment through the Internet of Things that effectively transmits the information exchange between the supply and demand sides. The new sharing mode, through the IoT system combined with blockchain and artificial intelligence technology, can ensure the integrity of the data acquired by the public and further enhance the function of digital and physical systems. According to the characteristics of above-mentioned technologies, the proposed sharing model problem solving has practical effects and related regulations and policies. The effect brought by it can effectively use the sharing model. This study also summarizes the recommendations mentioned by the relevant unit experts and the corresponding solutions. A set of procedures and mechanisms for sharing business correspondence have been summarized for the government agencies and future sponsors for reference.
IV.Suggestion
Based on the preliminary results of this study, the study proposes the following specific recommendations, which are divided into short and long-term recommendation.
Suggestion 1：Research on the application of Innovation Business Model for Building Sharing Space：an immediate and feasible proposal
Organizer：Construction and Planning Agency Ministry of the Interior
Co-organizer：Architecture and Building Research Institute
Explanation：It is suggested to provide the cases of domestic and foreign shared buildings, facilities and promotion policies for shared building development units as a reference for development. According to the demands between domestic enterprises and the market, industries can develop the specifications and applications of business.
Suggestion 2：To Establish related labels for shared buildings and facilities： a mid-term or long-term proposal
Organizer：Construction and Planning Agency Ministry of the Interior and National Development Council
Co-organizer：Architecture and Building Research Institute
Explanation：Recently, intelligent buildings continue to be promoted, through the introduction of Intelligent Building Label（innovative design and utilization of equipment or facilities）, also through the innovation model and the construction of demonstration sites to do experiments. At the same time.the government is helping to promote and assist in the implementation of the progress, in order to strengthen the implementation of the possibility of promotion.