中華民國內政部建築研究所中華民國內政部建築研究所

一、計畫緣起
我國目前已為高齡社會國家，針對越來越多的高齡者而言，如何促進生活安全性與便利性成為重要的課題。而在居家空間內導入智慧控制設備以促進生活安全與便利，成為了趨勢。如近年流行的「智慧音箱」即為例子，可透過聲控各種家電，以滿足生活需求與便利。
然而，針對高齡者族群伴隨的身體徵狀，如低視能、聽、說話障礙、及體能退化等，如何透過智慧控制設備對其生活上有所幫助，成為重要的課題。本研究擬開發一個『智慧居家手勢控制系統』之雛型，透過此系統，高齡者可藉由手勢指令，便利的控制居家空間內的智慧裝置開關運作，另外也可透過偵測高齡者之手勢，啟動人身安全之通報與救助等功能。
二、研究方法及過程
本計畫採用文獻研究、專家訪談分析、專家諮詢會議等方法，探討有語言障礙者及高齡者在生活上與一般人之差異，並彙整有低視能、聽、說話、手部細微動作障礙者及高齡者在生活上可以藉由智慧裝置輔助之項目及內容。本計畫並使用物聯網相關元件，開發『智慧居家手勢控制系統』之雛型，並撰寫控制軟體，使用不同手勢發送指令來啟動、關閉或調整受控制之居家智慧裝置。本研究並透過物聯網RF控制模組，與無線城科技之人工智慧音箱連結，同時透過手勢控制及語音控制，能同時操作住家中的智慧家電，達到能方便且容易的使用這些智慧家電營造一個舒適健康的生活環境。
三、重要發現
A.本計畫開發的『智慧居家手勢控制系統』使用的物聯網元件包含：
(1)Arduino MEGA2560。
(2)ADPS-9960 RGB手勢感應器。
(3)繼電器。
(4)紅外線發射器。
(5)LCD顯示器。
(6)人工智慧音箱。
(7)無線緊急求救按鈕。
(8)IoT RF 控制模組。
B.本計畫開發的『智慧居家手勢控制系統』可以控制的智慧家電包含：
(1)電動開窗器。
(2)電動窗簾。
(3)冷氣機的運作，包含開啟/關閉、溫度調整、風扇調整、出風口葉片轉動控制等。
C.本計畫開發的『智慧居家手勢控制系統』的優點包含：
(1).直覺化：控制介面僅在上、下、左、右四個方向，就可以控制家電模式之切換與智慧設施運作之操作。
(2).簡易化：本系統以簡單手勢操控，便能方便的操作所有整合的智慧家電與其運作，將所有控制整合在單一控制顯示介面，替代了傳統多個控制與顯示的方式。
(3).方便省力：各設施的運作是透過系統控制，因此不需要花人力去來回拉動操作，既方便又省力氣。
(4).安全：各設施的操作透過手式的揮動來控制，能避免因手部接觸物件而有沾染病菌的疑慮，同時也能避免可能人為的操作失誤。
(5).有效輔助工具：針對行動不便者、老人及無法以語音控制者，皆能輕易的使用這套系統來營造一個優良舒適的居家生活環境。
(6).智慧語音控制：透過語音智慧音箱的整合，一般有語言表達能力的人，也可以透過語音方式來控制智慧家電系統。
四、建議事項
本研究在文獻回顧方面，彙整了居家照護現況調查及智慧全人居家照護內容，但因時間和經費的限制，本研究內容僅設定在「智慧居家手勢控制系統」雛形的開發。至於智慧全人居家照護的其他內容，因時間及篇幅的關係，暫不納入本計畫工作內容。
對於未來後續的研究方向，可以考慮採穿戴方式控制，讓年長在居家生活能降低潛在的危險，及在人機介面的系統，考慮將以不同機能缺失進行分類，給予不同需要的長者做適切的協助。
綜合智慧全人居家照護系統之研究過程中，彙整專家問卷調查、專家諮詢會、期中期末報告，以及成果報告彙整結果，本研究提出下列具體可行的建議事項：
建議一
辦理智慧全人居家預警災防系統等後續研究：立即可行建議。
辦機關：內政部建築研究所。
協辦機關：內政部消防署。
地震發生時，氣象局蒐集到五個以上測站資料後，約在震後12-15秒鐘便可以計算並公告該地震之震央、深度及強度。而在氣象局發布地震預警信息後，可自氣象局網站擷取該次地震之震央、地震發生深度及強度等資料，計算出該地震到達場址的距離、剩餘秒數及預期強度，當計算出地震強度超過預警值時，可以利用智慧控制技術，啟動瓦斯遮斷器關閉瓦斯、打開門鎖避免門扇卡住以利後續逃生避難行動，同時啟動聲光警報系統、顯示地震強度及到達剩餘秒數信息，提供居民做出合適之逃生避難行動；尤其可將強震信息傳遞到電梯管理中心，將該中心管理的電梯群在震波傳遞到場址前，預先停到下一樓層、管制電梯運作並開啟梯門讓乘員疏散，可有效保護生命及財產安全。
建議二
後疫情時代之建築用昇降機智慧控制技術等相關研究：立即可行建議。
主辦機關：內政部建築研究所。
協辦機關：內政部營建署。
COVID-19疫情於2020年初爆發，經突變後新病毒的傳染率比原病毒株高出許多，疫情至今在全球仍持續擴散中。2021年6月在高雄鳳山某大樓，兩戶住家在不同樓層同時染疫，經調查懷疑電梯為傳染病毒最可能的場所。電梯是高樓層居家或辦公場所必備之垂直升降設施，而電梯操作時都需用手指碰觸按鈕。若前一位乘客手指帶著病毒碰觸電梯按鈕，後面乘客在碰觸同按鈕後，如果沒有消毒或洗手很容易就會被病毒感染。建議使用智慧音箱、非接觸式按鈕、手勢識別感應器及以QR Code下載電梯操作軟體等方式，提供乘客透過非接觸式便能操控電梯的運作，可以避免因接觸所引起的病毒感染，能有效的提升疫情防治效果，及保障國人身體的健康。

I.The origin of the plan
Taiwan is now a country with an advanced age society. For more and more elderly people, how to promote the safety and convenience of life has become an important issue. It has become a trend to introduce smart control equipment into the home space to promote life safety and convenience. For example, the popular "smart speakers" in recent years can be used to control various home appliances by voice to meet the needs and convenience of life.
However, for the physical symptoms of the elderly population, such as low vision, hearing, speech impairment, and physical deterioration, how to use smart control devices to help them in their lives has become an important issue. This research intends to develop a prototype of a “Smart Home Gesture Control System”. Through this system, the elderly can conveniently control the operation of the smart devices in the home space through gesture commands, and can also detect the gestures of the elderly to activate functions such as notification and rescue of personal safety.
II.Research method and process
This project uses literature research, expert interviews and analysis, expert consultation meetings and other methods to explore the differences in the lives of people with language impairments and the elderly from those of ordinary people. This study summarizes the items and contents that can be assisted by smart devices in daily life for people with low vision, hearing, speech, and subtle hand movement impairments and the elderly. This project uses IoT-related components to develop the prototype of “Smart Home Gesture Control System”. We write control software and use different gestures to send commands to activate, deactivate or adjust controlled home smart devices. This research also connects with wireless city technology artificial intelligence speakers through the Internet of Things RF control module. Through gesture control and voice control, the smart home appliances in the house can be operated at the same time. This makes it convenient and easy to use these smart appliances to create a comfortable and healthy living environment.
III.Important findings
A.The IoT components used in the “Smart Home Gesture Control System” developed by this project include:
(1)Arduino MEGA2560.
(2)ADPS-9960 RGB gesture sensor.
(3)Relay.
(4)Infrared transmitter.
(5)LCD display.
(6)Artificial intelligence speakers.
(7)Wireless emergency button.
(8)IoT RF control module.
B.The smart home appliances that can be controlled by the “Smart Home Gesture Control System” developed by this project include:
(1)Electric window opener.
(2)Electric curtain.
(3)The operation of the air conditioner, including opening/closing, temperature adjustment, fan adjustment, air outlet blade rotation control, etc.
C.The advantages of the “Smart Home Gesture Control System” developed by this project include:
(1)Intuitive: The control interface is only in the four directions of up, down, left, and right, and you can perform the switching of the control household appliances mode and the control of the operation of smart facilities.
(2)Simplification: With simple gesture control, this system can conveniently operate all integrated smart home appliances and their operations. It integrates all controls into a single control display interface, instead of the traditional multiple control and display methods.
(3)Convenient and labor-saving: the operation of each facility is controlled by the system, so there is no need to spend manpower to pull the operation back and forth, which is convenient and labor-saving.
(4)Safety: The operation of each facility is controlled by hand waving, which can avoid the suspicion of contamination of germs due to hand contact with objects, and also avoid possible man-made operation errors.
(5)Effective auxiliary tools: For people with mobility impairments, the elderly and those who cannot be controlled by voice, this system can be easily used to create a good and comfortable home living environment.
(6)Smart voice control: Through the integration of smart speakers, people who are generally capable of language expression can also control smart home appliances through voice.
IV.Suggestions
In the research process of the integrated smart whole-person home care system, the expert questionnaire survey, expert consultation meeting, interim report, and the results report are compiled. After the results are summarized, this research case proposes the following specific and feasible suggestion:
Suggestion 1
The execution of related research on smart home-based precaution and disaster prevention system: immediate and feasible suggestions.
Organizer: Institute of Architecture, Ministry of Interior.
Co-organizers: Ministry of Health and Welfare.
Carbon monoxide gas produced by incomplete combustion of gas is harmful to the human body and is colorless and odorless. The symptoms of poisoning are not obvious, and they become a hidden killer in the safety of homes. Home kitchens use fire sources for cooking, and they often catch fire due to overheating of the fire and overflow of hot oil soup. This has become an important topic for smart home warning and disaster prevention. Measures for early warning and prevention of carbon monoxide poisoning include: (1) Install carbon monoxide sensors in bathrooms and other locations of the house. When the carbon monoxide content is too high, the alarm can be triggered immediately to warn the residents; (2) Start gas cut-off switch to turn off the gas supply; (3) Start the electric window opener to open the windows, and turn on the fan for forced ventilation to reduce the carbon monoxide content; (4) Start the Line to notify the family and the community management center for emergency rescue operations; (5) Automatically open the door lock to facilitate people outside the house to enter the house for rescue. Measures to prevent kitchen fires include: (1) Install a sensor above the kitchen gas stove. When it detects flames, excessive temperature and gas leakage, immediately activate the gas shut-off device to shut off the gas supply (2) Activate the siren to send out audible and visual alarms to warn residents; (3) Activate the Line system to notify family members and the community management center, and open the door lock for people outside the house to enter the house for rescue. Measures for remote monitoring of kitchen fires include: (1) Install a network monitor in the kitchen so that users can monitor the current status of the fire from the mobile phone; (2) When in a hurry, it is not sure whether the fire is turned off. At the time, use the mobile phone to connect to the network monitor to confirm the current status of the kitchen fire; (3) When you forget to turn off the fire, use the mobile app to activate the remote gas shut-off device to turn off the gas supply. Through the intelligent whole-person home-home warning and disaster prevention system, it can reduce the number of carbon monoxide poisoning incidents and the number of casualties in Taiwan in winter, and effectively reduce kitchen fires and losses. Remote monitoring of kitchen fire and cutting off gas supply allows residents to confirm the safety of home gas use without going home.
Suggestion 2
Research on the application of intelligent control technology for building elevators in the post-epidemic era: immediate feasible suggestions.
Organizer: Institute of Architecture, Ministry of Interior.
Co-organizers: Ministry of the Interior Construction Agency, Republic of China. 
The COVID-19 epidemic broke out in early 2020. The infection rate of the new virus after the mutation is much higher than that of the original virus strain. The epidemic continues to spread around the world. In June 2021, in a building in Fengshan, Kaohsiung, two households were infected with the disease at the same time on different floors. After investigation, it was suspected that the elevator was the most likely place to spread the virus. The elevator is a necessary vertical transportation facility for high-floor homes or offices, and when the elevator is operated, you need to touch the buttons with your fingers. If the previous passenger’s finger touches the elevator button with the virus, the latter passenger will easily be infected by the virus if they are not disinfected or washed their hands after touching the same button. This work uses smart speakers, non-contact buttons, gesture recognition sensors and QR Code downloading elevator operating software, etc., to provide passengers with non-contact control of the operation of the elevator. This can avoid viral infections caused by contact, effectively improve the effectiveness of epidemic prevention and control, and protect the health of the people of the country.