中華民國內政部建築研究所中華民國內政部建築研究所

隨著我國長照計畫進入長照2.0階段後，使高齡者留在原本的居住生活環境或社區，達成在宅老化的目標，已成為我國在即將邁入超高齡社會之際重要的發展方向。然而，高齡者隨著年紀增長，身心各方面都容易出現退化或能力逐漸喪失等問題，要維持高齡者留在原本的生活環境中，除了需要導入適當的照顧服務系統加以支持之外，改善建築環境使高齡者在接受照顧服務之際，得以持續生活於居家及社區中以符合長照精神，已成為十分重要的課題。
本研究目的主要包含以下三大項：
(一)、分析目前我國之居家照護體系的服務範圍及方式。
(二)、研究日本附服務高齡者住宅相關法令、經營方式與案例。
(三)、探索住宅空間導入照顧服務體系後之未來樣貌。
本研究參考長照2.0照顧組合的服務內容，透過居家服務內容於居住空間所發生行為課題的討論，探索高齡者住宅空間中在導入照顧服務後的各項課題及需求。此外，近年日本為減輕過往高齡者過往倚賴醫療體系的作法，積極推動新型態的附服務的高齡者住宅，使高齡者可以在近似居家的環境中保有原本的自由又同時可獲得一定程度的照顧服務，其住戶單元配置方式及公共空間規劃思維亦值得本研究借鏡。本計畫亦藉由醫療、護理、照顧服務、輔具、人因工程、建築、都市計畫等不同領域專家學者提供的專業意見，客觀地調整照顧服務導入高齡者住宅空間的設計原則。期望高齡者能夠於在宅老化的過程中，除獲得專業照護的服務也能夠生活的安心自在。最後所提擬出的空間設計原則，主要參考內政部建築研究所銀髮友善住宅設計準則研擬之內容，將居住空間區分為專有部分空間(玄關、客廳、臥室、餐廳、廚房及浴廁等空間)、共用部分空間(梯間、管理室)及開放空間三大部分，並針對上述各個空間單元提出可滿足導入照顧服務的空間設計原則。本計畫也期盼所提擬之高齡者住宅空間設計原則，能作為日後規劃、設計、開發等相關人員在進行相關空間設計與評估之有利參考。
在落實在地老化為目標的概念下，建議未來可針對有照顧服務需求之既有住宅空間改善進行分析，以早日落實在宅老化之目標。

On the eve of becoming a super aged society, and with the entrance of Taiwan’s Long-Term Care Policy into the Long-Term Care 2.0 stage, the goal of aging in place has become an important developmental element, which would allow the elderly to remain in their original residential environments and communities. However, as the elderly age, they often experience the deterioration of physical and mental conditions, as well as the gradual loss of abilities. In order to help the elderly remain in their original residential environments, improvements to their architectural environments along with the introduction of appropriate care service systems and support structures is of the utmost importance. When the elderly become recipients of care services, this will allow them to continue to live in their residences and communities according to the spirit of long-term care.
The primary aims of this study include the following topic areas:
1.To analyze the parameters and service practices in current domestic residential care services.
2.To study related legal statues, business practices, and case examples in Japan for residential housing with elderly care services.
3.To explore the future conditions of residential spaces after the introduction of care service systems.
This study looks at those care services included within Long-Term Care 2.0 to explore the issues and needs of elderly residential spaces after the introduction of care services through a discussion of the content of residential services and behaviors within those living spaces. Additionally, Japan has, in recent years, reduced the over-reliance of its elderly on its healthcare system. In a new approach, Japan has actively promoted the establishment of elderly residences with care services. This allows the elderly to preserve their independence while receiving a certain level of care in an environment that is similar to a typical residence. The configuration of these residential units and the thinking behind their spatial planning provides us with a good example for this study. This project, moreover, seeks to modify design principles for the introduction of care services into elderly residential spaces in an objective manner through the use of expert opinions. These opinions will be taken from professionals in medicine, nursing, care services, assistive devices, ergonomics, architecture, city planning, and other fields. It is our hope that as the elderly age in place, they may be able to live in comfort and safety while receiving professional care. We have taken the design guidelines for elderly-friendly housing proposed by the Architecture and Building Research Institute at the Ministry of the Interior as our primary reference. Accordingly, we have divided residential spaces into three categories, including private spaces (entryways, living rooms, bedrooms, dining rooms, kitchens, bathrooms, and other spaces), shared spaces (stairways, maintenance rooms) and open spaces. For each category, we have proposed spatial design principles which would facilitate the introduction of care services into each spatial area. This project also hopes that the design principles for residential spaces proposed in this study will serve as a useful resource for the design and evaluation of similar spaces for those involved in planning, design, development, and other related fields in the future. 
When putting the goal of aging in place into actual practice, we recommend that, in the future, analyses should be undertaken on the improvement of living spaces where there is a need for care services.