中華民國內政部建築研究所中華民國內政部建築研究所

一、研究緣起
近年氣候變遷造成極端降雨事件增加，使得都市淹水事件頻繁，國內外相關政府部門與眾多研究皆針對都市雨洪之問題提出相關對策與解決方法。自民國102年頒訂「建築技術規則」規定都市計畫地區新建、增建或改建之建築物應設置雨水貯集滯洪設施；各地方政府依循中央制度分別頒訂相關規則，其內容除規定建築基地最小保水量外，更針對最大排放量訂定規定標準；經濟部水利署於107年中完成水利法修正新增「逕流分擔與出流管制」專章，並於108年初訂頒相關子法來因應，原本應由排水管道承擔的逕流量，將藉由集水區內滯蓄設施與土地共同分擔，希望能減少極端降雨事件所帶來之災害，迄今已有大量建築物完成雨水滯蓄設施的設置。
然以往雨水滯蓄設施在規劃滯洪排水係透過滯蓄設施內起抽水位與停機水位進行機械式抽排，無法依據不同降雨事件型態進行針對性操作，使系統無法獲得更好的逕流抑制功效，且易使泵浦長時間運作而造成損壞；另外，多數雨水滯蓄設施在建置後，未對其數據資料進行蒐集與反饋，將系統運作成果進行檢討，且系統在規劃設計階段並未訂定後續維護管理計畫，使得許多系統在建置後無法得知設施設備運作情形，如發生損壞將使系統失去功能。由於國內尚未有相關規定及方法來有效解決上述之問題，故本計畫為提升雨水滯蓄設施在雨洪管理上的成效與系統永續運作，擬透過智慧監控設備的實際案例裝設與互聯網路通訊技術的連結而進行相關研究與分析檢討。藉本案雨水滯蓄設施實施智慧化雨洪管理與系統建置之成果，預期可提供作為發展智慧化管理及未來都市雨洪管理之重要基礎。
本研究案執行期程為十個半月，爰引本所協同研究計畫需求說明，研究計畫之研究旨在既有建築物完成智慧監控設備的實際裝設與互聯網路通訊技術的連結，而進行系統平台測試與研究分析檢討。建築物既有雨水滯蓄設施落實智慧雨洪管理之相關設備裝設，將優先以公有建築為對象，並尋求地方政府合作，以遴選合適案例作為實地案場裝設示範點，進而透過既有雨水滯蓄設施進行初步規劃設計與軟、硬體設備裝設，撰寫智慧雨水滯蓄設施管理操作模式與控制端訊息輸出程式，透過數據接收與操控測試進行檢討校正，並針對監測數據與操作成果，進行效益分析與探討。完成雨水滯蓄設施智慧管理系統與平台建置，以增加後續社區推廣或與物業管理服務結合應用之利基，未來將可作為整合地方政府的管理平台並配合都市雨洪管理進行大範圍地區之蓄排之智慧調控之參考。
二、研究方法及過程
研究內容初步之9項研究內容，研究案之工作項目如下：
1.針對建築物既有雨水滯蓄設施之相關案例進行資料彙整與現況分析，並遴選合適案例作為實地案場裝設示範點；
2.智慧監控、通訊傳輸與相關軟、硬體設備之規劃設計；
3.軟、硬體設備連結與操控程式撰寫之相關工作內容；
4.通訊傳輸連結與智慧雨水滯蓄設施智慧管理系統平台建置；
5.實地案場系統初步數據接收與操控測試，並進行檢討校正；
6.實地案場監測與遠端調控操作，並透過監測數據與蓄排操作之成果進行成效分析與探討；
7.針對社區裝設本系統在經濟、減洪、旱季供水等效益進行分析，以增加後續社區推廣或與物業管理服務結合應用之利基；
8.本系統應具備未來與地方政府管理平台連結，並配合都市雨洪管理智慧調控之功能；
9.系統評估與未來發展之建議。
三、重要發現
本計畫在雨水滯蓄設施智慧管理系統平台建置階段，原先預計直接沿用前年度已完成的Arduino開發板作為監測設備與系統平台間數據傳輸與操控的媒介，但由於前年度在物理試驗模型測試時，Arduino開發板在過度運作時期，易發生系統亂碼與數據擷取錯誤的情況，需重置才能使系統恢復正常；本年度經多次專家討論與諮詢，專業領域人員認為應係Arduino開發版本身穩定度不佳的問題，因而建議本次現地裝設應考量使用工業級的系統主機與控制設備。另外，在監測設備與系統主機間的通訊傳輸上，若以MODBUS TCP傳輸模式，僅能傳輸瞬時量體的數據(如：瞬時流量)，無法直接提供本決策系統所需每10分鐘內的累積數據，僅能於系統平台內在撰寫程式進行積分或累加；然選擇MODBUS RTU傳輸模式，目前眾多設備廠商已具備各項監測設備的數據接收控制器，將可透過其轉換通訊格式直接提供本決策系統所需之數據，且可減少以MODBUS TCP傳輸模式所需數據連結所需增加的相關設備。
四、主要建議事項
建議一
雨水滯蓄設施長期智慧監控管理的可行性分析：短中期建議
主辦機關：內政部建築研究所
協辦機關：內政部營建署
本年度已完成既有建築物雨水滯蓄設施智慧管理系統之建置與實際降雨事件智慧蓄排操控之成果分析與探討，系統能夠及時掌控入流情況並確實可實施智慧排水操作，提升系統蓄洪能力及逕流體積削減之目的，獲得良好的雨洪管理成效；惟本年度計畫受建案工期與疫情影響，使整體系統建置時程向後延期，故未能針對系統在長期實施智慧監控管理的可行性與其成效進行分析探討，未來建議應針對系統長期運作效益、系統評估與更新、以及運維成本等內容進行研析，將可做為雨水貯集系統智慧化管理之發展及未來都市雨洪管理提供重要的參考依據。
建議二
建立社區或區域尺度之雨水貯集系統的智慧化管理：長期建議
主辦機關：內政部建築研究所
協辦機關：內政部營建署
長期建議應強化其應用及加值效益，透過無線感測技術、雲端運算、大數據分析及降雨預警通報機制進行整合，建立社區智慧雨洪管理物聯網，提升洪災預防與應變的機能，使社區雨洪管理朝向智慧化；進而將社區智慧雨洪管理物聯網層級，逐步提升至區域層級，再往上擴充到縣市政府層級的智慧雨洪管理，提供主管機關研擬相關政策之參考及實務界設計之依據。

1.Purpose of the research
Due to climate change, the number of heavy rainfall has increased dramatically, causing increasing urban stormwater discharge and frequent flooding in recent years. In face of the uncertainty of future climate change and urbanization development, many studies at domestic and abroad have tried to find the solutions and related policies to solve the urban stormwater problems. In the Article 4-3 of Architecture Design and Construction section of Building Technical Regulations in 2013, it requires that rainwater harvesting systems should be installed in newly, expanded and renovated buildings in urban areas. All local governments have set up their local requirements for rainwater detention volume and minimum allowable discharge according to the standard released by the central government. Water Resources Agency, Ministry of Economic Affairs, has added "Runoff Allocation and Outflow Control" chapter to the Water Law in 2017, consequently the relevant sub-laws in 2018. Therefore, stormwater can be mitigated by means of detention facilities and surface areas in the catchment area. The risk of extreme rainfall events can be reduced. To present, a large number of rainwater storage facilities have been constructed in recent years in different counties in Taiwan.
 Traditionally, rainwater detention storage facilities are operated based on mechanical mechanism with initial and terminated water levels in the detention storage facilities. Based on this operation rule, effectiveness of stormwater mitigation can’t be obtained and time duration of pumping period can’t be reduced. Also, no information about current status of those system is known after the rainwater detention storage facilities having constructed. To promote the effectiveness and ensure the continuing operation of those systems, further research is needed. The purpose of this research is to solve those problems by installing smart monitoring system in rainwater detention facilities using smart IOT (Internet of Things) technology.
This research project period takes ten months. The contents of the research include implementing the actual installation of intelligent monitoring equipment, the connection of IOT technology in the building, conducting system platform testing and analyzing and reviewing the results. For the installation of related equipment for implementing smart stormwater management in detention facilities, public-owned buildings will be the first priority as a demonstration site. And it will find the opportunity to cooperate with local governments. Once demonstration site has selected, preliminary planning, design, software and hardware equipment in detention facilities will be conducted. Also, the software of operation and output of smart rainwater management will be developed. The system installed will be evaluated and reviewed through collected data. Once the system functions well, the benefits of the can be analyzed based on those monitoring data and operation results. This system will provide as the platform for local government and for future urban stormwter management.
2.Methodology and procedures
Nine items are required in the research and are listed and explained as followings:
Collect and analyze buildings with detention facilities, and select suitable cases as demonstration sites.
Planning and designing relative software and hardware required for smart IOT monitoring and operation system.
Related contents of software and hardware connection and control programing.
Establishment of communication transmission link and intelligent stormwater management system platform.
Preliminary data collection, manipulation test, review and correction.
Detention facility monitoring and remote control operations, and conduct effectiveness analysis and discussion through monitoring data.
Analyze the benefits of the system installed in the community in terms of economy, flood reduction, and water supply in dry seasons, to increase the subsequent community promotion or combined application with property management services.
The system should have the function of linking with the local government management platform in the future and cooperating with the intelligent regulation of urban stormwater management.
Smart stormwater management system evaluation, and recommendations for future developments. 
3.Major findings
During the construction stage of the intelligent management system platform for detention facilities, the project originally expected to directly use the Arduino development board completed in the previous year as the medium for data transmission and control between the monitoring equipment and the system platform. During the period of excessive operation of the Arduino development board, the system is prone to garbled codes and data acquisition errors, and it is necessary to reset the system to restore the system to normal. Therefore, it is suggested that the installation of this case should consider the use of industrial-grade system host and control equipment.
In addition, in the communication transmission between the monitoring equipment and the system host, if the MODBUS TCP transmission mode is used, only instantaneous data (such as: instantaneous flow) can be transmitted, and the accumulated data every 10 minutes required by this decision-making system cannot be directly provided. Unless another program is written in the system platform for integration or accumulation to increase the complexity of the operation; however, if the MODBUS RTU transmission mode is selected, many equipment manufacturers already have data receiving controllers for various monitoring equipment, which can directly convert communication through them. The format directly provides the data required by this decision-making system, and can also reduce the equipment required to be installed.
4.Major recommendation items
Through this research, following recommendations are made for immediate to short-term and long-term period:
Recommendation 1
Feasibility analysis of long-term intelligent monitoring and management of detention facilities: immediate to short-term 
Organizer: Architecture and Building Research Institute, MOI
Co-organizer: Construction and Planning Agency, MOI.Local governments
This year, the case construction of the intelligent management system for detention facilities, and the analysis and discussion of the results of intelligent storage and drainage control of actual rainfall events have been completed. The system can timely control the inflow situation and implement intelligent drainage operations to improve the system's flood storage capacity and reduce the volume of runoff. However, the schedule of this year was delayed due to the construction period of the selected site and the epidemic disease. In the future, it is recommended to study and analyze the long-term operation benefits of the system, system evaluation and update, and operation and maintenance costs, which can be used as an important reference for the development of intelligent management of rainwater storage systems and future urban stormwater management.
Recommendation 2
Establishment of community-scale a/o regional-scale smart rainwater management system: middle to long-term
Organizer: Architecture and Building Research Institute, MOI
Co-organizer: Construction and Planning Agency, MOI.Local governments
For middle- to long-term, the communication technology, cloud-based data operation, big data analysis and rainfall forecasting technology should be integrated to establish a smart rainwater management system to increase the capacity of flood mitigation and increase the benefits of this system. In the beginning, this system can be applied in a building scale, then community scale and district scale and finally to the urban scale. Finally, this system will become part of flood mitigation system in the urban areas. It will also provide as a reference for local governments in initiating flood mitigation policy and regulations.