中華民國內政部建築研究所中華民國內政部建築研究所

一、研究緣起
營建及建築產業每年耗費大量資源及原生材料，面臨地球資源耗竭、氣候變遷、生態破壞及環境污染等問題，近年先進國家積極摸索將循環經濟發展的理念導入於建築之規劃設計中，如歐盟於2015年推出「建材銀行計畫(Building as a material bank, BAMB)」，包含「建材護照(Material Passport)」、「可逆式建築設計(Reversible Building Design)」等創新系統以輔助建築營造業的循環經濟轉型；國內亦逐步引進如被動能源(passive housing)、都市農場(urban farming)及共享生活(sharing life)等理念手法於建築工程的規劃設計中。建築規劃設計項目實踐循環經濟理念之手法多種，本研究透過國內外文獻與案例研究探討建築規劃設計導入循環經濟理念之範疇定義與內涵，釐清國內外發展現況，作為後續研擬國內未來推動發展方向與研究課題之參考。
二、研究方法與過程
(一)文獻回顧法：主要蒐集國內外建築規劃設計導入循環經濟發展理念之相關文獻，如中英文專書、期刊論文、研究報告、網路資源等資料，並針對其理念與手法進行歸納及初步分析。
(二)案例蒐集法：藉由國內外已完成或規劃中之建築規劃設計實踐循環經濟案例，蒐集並彙整各案例實踐循環經濟的理念、原則及採取之內容手法等，提供本研究系統性和周全的理解，以瞭解和探討在實務應用層面上各手法之可行性及適用性。
(三)專家座談法：邀集建築規劃設計導入循環經濟發展應用之專家進行對談與交流，獲取專家們專業的實務意見及觀點，協助本研究評估及檢討各項建築規劃設計實踐循環經濟理念之應用手法可行性及適用性，建立國內建築規劃設計導入循環經濟之範疇定義及內涵，並研擬後續國內推動發展方向與研究課題。
三、重要發現
(一)循環設計五大循環：依據各文獻提出之循環策略以及國內外共20個案例應用之手法，歸納整理出「建築循環設計」架構，內容包含「物料循環」、「能源循環」、「空間循環」、「水循環」及「生物循環」五大循環系統之循環設計手法。
(二)循環設計三大階段：由「設計興建」、「維護使用」與「改造翻新」三個建築生命週期階段探討可導入的循環設計策略，供產業利益相關者參考。
(三)建築循環設計可能遭遇之主要問題：由法規、技術或市場層面探討物料循環及空間循環可能遭遇之主要問題，以協助產業調整相關政策與未來發展。
(四)研擬後續發展方向與研究課題：依據「建築循環設計」內涵架構，以及專家學者反映可能遭遇之問題與意見觀點，以「整體政策策略」、「設計興建階段」、「維護使用階段」與「改造翻新階段」探討可進一步發展之研究課題，包含可逆式建築設計研究、資源高效化研究、租賃模式之探討、舊建築物改造再利用之研究、建材銀行制度建立等議題。
四、主要建議事項
本研究針對國內建築規劃設計導入循環經濟理念之發展，提出下列具體建議，以下分別從立即可行建議及中長期建議加以列舉。
建議一
發展建築循環設計建材再利用率評估之研究：立即可行建議
主辦機關：內政部建築研究所
協辦機關：財團法人台灣建築中心
為發展建築循環設計並有效評估產品材料之循環應用，建議透過研擬建材再利用率評估方法，作為未來國內訂定各類回收資源循環再利用為建材之政策有效評估與管理工具，逐步提升國內建材再利用率。
建議二
發展後續研究課題，促進國內建築循環設計發展：中長期建議
主辦機關：內政部建築研究所
協辦機關：內政部營建署
建築營建產業發展循環經濟所涉及之範疇深廣，為進一步落實產業循環發展，本研究提出後續推動發展方向與研究課題，包含效益分析、法規探討、循環建材與構法、可逆式建築設計、建材履歷以及租賃模式等議題，可供相關機關作為未來進一步研究發展之參考。

Ⅰ.Origin
Building and construction industry is considered as one of the most resource-consuming sectors. While resource scarcity, climate change, ecological damage and environment pollution become major challenges worldwide, developed countries have been actively trying to introduce the concept of circular economic(CE) development into building planning and design, such as Building As Material Bank(BAMB) project. BAMB was introduced by European Union in 2015, which develops and integrates tools that will increase the value of building materials, includes Material Passports and Reversible Building Design to enable the systemic shift of CE development in the building sector.
Meanwhile, some conceptual practices, such as passive housing, urban farming and sharing life, have been introduced gradually into domestic building planning and design process. As numerous CE approaches, strategies, tools and parameters for building industry appear at both national and international level with no common direction, it is necessary to adequately provide a framework of Circular Building Design as a reference for domestic building industry related stakeholders.
Ⅱ.Research methods
In this study, literature review and case study were conducted using a specific set of keywords related to the CE development in the built environment. The literature review (such as representive reports, books and journal articles) provides an overview of potential CE strategies, meanwhile the case study from local to globals showed the concrete action applied. Furthermore, this study has held expert consultation meetings to deepen the insights with implementing circular economy principles into domestic building and design, to learn from their practical experiences and views, in order to improve the framework of circular buiding design, discuss the major issues that will be facing in the future and explore future development direction and researching topics.
Ⅲ.Major outcomes:
Based on the data analysis and the insight and expertise shared by participating experts and scholars, this study structures the results as follows:
1.A strategy framework of circular building designs with 5 fundamental themes of resource circulation: 1) materials; 2) energy; 3) spatial; 4) water; and 5) biological. These five themes of circular building designs help architects and designers comprehend the basis CE concept of resource efficiency principles in building area. However, this framework serves more as a dynamic structure that can be continuously growing with new approaches or techniques that aim at making the built environment more circular.
2.Implemented the circular building design strategies into 3 phases of building lifecycle: 1) design and construction phase; 2) use phase; and 3) retrofit and renovation phase to provide as a reference for industry related stakeholders.
3.Major possible challenges that arise in regulation, technical and market sectors of materials and spatial circular design strategies.
4.Research topics need to be further developed to advance the CE in the construction sector which being classified in 1) overall policy strategy; 2) design and construction phase; 3) use phase; and 4) retrofit and renovation phase, include reversible building design strategies, resource optimization techniques, shared-use schemes, refurbishing exising buildings, domestic material passport, etc.
Ⅳ.Main Recommendation
Suggestion 1
Study on methodology to assess the material circularity in building designs. (short-term (immediate) actions)
Organizer: Architecture and Building Research Institute, Ministry of the Interior
Co-organizer: Taiwan Architecture & Building Center
This research will study various methods to calculate the material recycling rate in a building design. Based on the method of calculation, the goal is to develop an assessment program to guide the building design to increase the use of recycled materials and at the same time to promote the circular value chains for all potentially recyclable materials.
Suggestion 2
Develop researches and tools to advance the CE in the construction sector. (medium and long-term actions)
Organizer: Architecture and Building Research Institute, Ministry of the Interior
Co-organizer: Construction and Planning Agency, Ministry of the Interior
This study has drafted the relevant researching topics that will integrate design and guidelines that take into account long-term impacts in domestic built environment, such as reversible building design, resources optimization, renting model, building renovation and material bank program. By encouraging those relevant researches will stimulate and enable actors along the value chain to facilitate the CE development in the construction industry.