中華民國內政部建築研究所中華民國內政部建築研究所

一、研究緣起
建立區域化與系統化的BIM元件資料庫及收集相關BIM應用知識，有助於國內營造產業建築的資訊建模化推動、降低建築師BIM作業的困難、促進國內工程建材、設施與設備的資訊化、標準化與商品化、降低施工圖階段與建成後的認知落差，以達到準確控制建築成本、增益施工品質的目的。
目前國內已有數個團體嘗試建立BIM的相關應用平台，建研所109年「建築工程應用BIM所需資源共享平台規劃研究」彙整BIM應用資訊，提出相關平台架構與可能的相對應機關機構。同時國內社會住宅近期在國家住宅及都市中心的大力推動下，各式BIM模型及元件皆大量彙集，如能取得再利用，這些都是目前存在的BIM資源。如何彙整國內各機關團體的力量，建立共榮共存的永續經營的商業模式，仍然是我國發展相關平台必須共同面對與思考的課題。
本計畫擬基於共享經濟的理念，提出BIM知識平台架構及永續經營策略，並整合國內各機關團體的BIM元件資料庫及相關BIM應用知識，建立一個本土化的BIM知識平台。
二、研究方法及過程
(一)、研究採用專家諮詢法進行
BIM(Building Information Modeling)已是先進國家建築業界使用最普遍且最重要的設計軟體工具，台灣直到2010年BIM才引進。政府力推多年，但目前孰悉BIM的人還不夠多，因此本研究邀請孰悉BIM軟體的專家進行“專家諮詢法”，以探討出BIM普及化過程碰到的相關問題，並提出解決方案。
(二)、研究採用方法之原因
專家諮詢法是指據規定的原則選定一定數量的專家，按照一定的方式組織專家會議，從各個角度集思廣益，以發揮專家集體的智慧，對擬探討的問題提出看法及可能解決方案。
為了讓問題探討及方案提出更周延，不受侷限，本研究擬邀請有實際使用BIM經驗的專家如下建築師、建築開發商、營造商、建材/設備廠商、平台廠商、繪圖專業、及大學教授繪圖老師。政府力推BIM多年，但跟當年推動AUTOCAD一樣，進展有限，目前國內實際孰悉BIM的建築師不多，很多事務所委外繪圖，幾個大造廠為接外國建築師設計案，會養BIM繪圖團隊繪製施工圖，綜合言之，目前孰悉BIM的人還不夠多，因此只能邀請有實際經驗的專家，從不同專家經驗及角度，集思廣益，探討相關問題並提出可行解決方案。
(三)、預計可能遭遇之困難及解決途徑
平台編程在前後台非1年短期即可操作，需大量數據回饋才有效動態修改，依據中華人民共和國平台建置均有5年為單位配合整體產業政策之調控方案，目前極需以更積極手段推動。
採用研究方法(專家諮詢法)之限制：
1.由於參加會議的人數有限，因此代表性可能不充分；
2.受權威的影響較大，容易壓抑不同意見的發表；
3.易受表達能力的影響使一些有價值的意見未得到重視；
解決途徑
1.專家多元，以提高代表性：建築師、建築開發商、營造商、建材/設備廠商、平台廠商、繪圖專業、及大學教授繪圖老師。
2.找的都是各領域有真正使用經驗的專家，各抒己見再整合。
3.時間不要太短，讓每個人充分發言。
4.選擇適當的會議主持人。
三、重要發現
元件是所有BIM的核心，而且元件的正確性更是重要，不管是國土計畫防災應變，抑或是數值化BIM 3D 建物圖資計畫，乃至於建築生命週期的計畫、設計、施工、使用管理，皆需要BIM 平台及本土化BIM 元件。放眼全球及台灣，不管公、私部門，大多數的BIM 平台的設置要能永續經營都很難，因此，都是以國家的資源及力量來推動BIM，全國建築師公會、台灣建築中心以及居家市集股份有限公司用民間的力量推動建置BIM 知識資源平台，短短四個月即上線，每天的瀏覽頁數高達30,000~40,000 頁以上，即便如此，每個月還是經營得很辛苦。
四、主要建議事項
如本研究報告一開始提到的，觀察國外許多國家都用國家挹注資源與立法推動建置BIM平台、國內公家BIM元件平台在計畫結束後就發展停頓及私部門建置BIM元件平台的經營辛苦的狀況， 針對本研究目的建立本土化建築資訊建模(BIM)知識平台及研訂永續營運策略，除了本研究報告第三章已詳述的BIM資源平台雛形架構建議外，就平台如何能永續經營部分，以下總結幾點建議:
建議一：加速全國全面推動BIM建照審查及規定所有新建工程的使照圖、竣工圖都必須用BIM繪製：立即可行建議
主辦單位：全國建築師公會
協辦單位：內政部營建署、內政部建築研究所、財團法人台灣建築中心、各直轄市及縣市政府
透過加速全國全面推動BIM建照審查、規定所有新建工程的使照圖、竣工圖都須用BIM繪製外，及要求相關建材標章認證都必須將BIM元件納入審查機制等法規力量，除可有助於BIM應用的落實外，也可加速國內元件的建置與發展，其中將BIM元件納入建材標章認證的審查機制，更對綠建築及碳排放減量的推動政策有所助益。
建議二：建築資訊建模平台（BIM）白牌元件平台與本土化元件平台統一管理：立即可行建議
主辦單位：全國建築師公會
協辦單位：內政部營建署、內政部建築研究所、財團法人台灣建築中心
避免公家元件平台因預算制度限制，在計畫經費終止後就停止發展，建議以撥付營運費用方式將白牌平台委託本土化元件平台代管並負責後續經營管理，讓兩者能整合，並針對元件的正確性予以把關。另建議長期言，基於使用者付費，即使是白牌元件，任何下載者都要酌付費用。
建議三: 建立本土化建築(BIM)知識平台的永續營運及多元收費模式：中長期建議
主辦單位：全國建築師公會
平台要能生存且永續經營，除了本研究前二個建議所提到的外，平台要有如下多元收費模式：
元件上架費：每個元件上架必須支付平台年費；元件製作費：大量找能繪製BIM元件人員，包括建築師，元件繪製費用，都要含有平台營運所需一定比例管銷費用；教育訓練課程：配合全建會在北中南推廣相關BIM課程，並結合國際證照與授證；委託上架元件下載分潤：建築師、電機技師、營造公司可上架個人或公司刻製元件供需要者付費下載，平台分潤3成:
整合模組元件的提供:可以委請有豐富實務經驗的建築師或相關專業人士繪製並提供可大幅提升設計效率的本土化BIM整合模組元件，以增加平台營收。

Establish a localized building information modeling (BIM) knowledge platform and develop a sustainable operation strategy research
一、The origin of the research
Establishing a regionalized and systematic BIM component database and collecting relevant BIM application knowledge will help promote the information modeling of domestic construction industry buildings, reduce the difficulty of architects' BIM operations, and promote information on domestic engineering building materials, facilities and equipment. Standardization, standardization and commercialization, reducing the cognitive gap between the construction drawing stage and after completion, in order to achieve the purpose of accurately controlling the construction cost and enhancing the construction quality.
At present, several groups in China have tried to establish BIM-related application platforms. The 109 "Resource Sharing Platform Planning Research on Construction Engineering Application BIM Required Resources Sharing Platform" compiled by the Construction Research Institute compiled BIM application information, and proposed the relevant platform structure and possible corresponding institutions. At the same time, domestic social housing has recently been vigorously promoted by national housing and urban centers, and various BIM models and components have been gathered in large quantities. If they can be reused, these are the existing BIM resources. How to integrate the strengths of various domestic agencies and organizations to establish a sustainable business model for co-prosperity and coexistence is still a topic that must be faced and thought about by the development-related platforms of our country.
Based on the concept of sharing economy, this project proposes a BIM knowledge platform structure and sustainable management strategy, and integrates the BIM component database and related BIM application knowledge of various domestic agencies and organizations to establish a localized BIM knowledge platform.
二、Research method:
（一）、Study the use of the expert consultation meeting method
BIM (Building Information Modeling) is already the most common and important design software tool used in the construction industry in advanced countries, and IT was not introduced in Taiwan until 2010. The government has been pushing hard for many years, but at present, there are not enough people who know BIM, so this study invites experts who know BIM software to conduct the "Expert Consultation Meeting Method" to explore the related problems encountered in the process of BIM popularization and propose solutions.
（二）、To study the reasons for the use of methods
The expert consultation meeting method refers to the selection of a certain number of experts in accordance with the prescribed principles, the organization of expert meetings in a certain way, and the pooling of wisdom from all angles to give play to the collective wisdom of experts and put forward views and possible solutions to the problems to be discussed.
In order to make the problem discussion and the proposal more comprehensive and unconstrained, this study intends to invite experts with practical experience in using BIM as follows: architects, building developers, builders, building materials/equipment manufacturers, platform manufacturers, drawing professionals, and university professors of drawing teachers. The government has been pushing BIM for many years, but as with the promotion of AUTOCAD in that year, the progress is limited, at present, there are not many architects who actually know BIM in China, many firms outsource drawings, several large manufacturing plants to receive foreign architects design cases, will raise BIM drawing teams to draw construction drawings, in short, at present, there are not enough people who know BIM, so they can only invite experts with practical experience, from different expert experience and perspectives, brainstorm, discuss related problems and propose feasible solutions.
（三）、Anticipated difficulties and ways of resolving them
Platform programming in the front and back office non-1 year short-term operation, the need for a large number of data feedback to effectively dynamically modify, according to the other side of the platform construction has 5 years as a unit to cooperate with the overall industrial policy of the regulation and control plan, the current need to promote more active means.
The Expert Advisory Meeting Act also has some limitations:
1.Due to the limited number of participants in the conference, representation may be insufficient;
2.Greatly influenced by authority, it is easy to suppress the publication of different opinions;
3.Susceptibility to the ability to express makes some valuable opinions unediced;
Solutions
1.Diversity of experts to improve representation: architects, building developers, builders, building materials/equipment manufacturers, platform manufacturers, drawing professionals, and university professors of drawing teachers.
2.Look for experts with real experience in various fields, express their own opinions and then integrate.
3.Don't be too short and let everyone speak up.
4.Select the appropriate meeting host.
三、Major outcomes:
Components are the core of all BIM, and the correctness of components is more important, whether it is the disaster prevention and response of the land plan, or the numerical BIM 3D building drawing plan, or even the planning, design, construction and use management of the building life cycle, all require the BIM platform and localized BIM components. Looking at the world and Taiwan, regardless of the public and private sectors, most of the BIM platform settings to be able to operate sustainably is difficult, therefore, are to promote BIM with national resources and strength, the National Institute of Architects, Taiwan Construction Center and Home Market Co., Ltd. with the power of the private to promote the construction of BIM knowledge resource platform, just four months on the line, the number of pages viewed every day up to 30,000 ~ 40,000 pages, even so, every month is still very hard to operate.
四、Main recommendations:
As mentioned at the beginning of this research report, observing that many foreign countries have used national resources and legislation to promote the construction of BIM platforms, domestic public BIM component platforms have stopped developing after the end of the plan and the private sector to build BIM component platforms, for the purpose of this research to establish a localized building information modeling (BIM) knowledge platform and research and development of sustainable operation strategies, in addition to the BIM resource platform prototype architecture suggestions detailed in chapter 3 of this research report, on how the platform can be sustainable operation part, Here are a few suggestions:
Suggestion1: Accelerate the national comprehensive promotion of BIM construction license review and stipulate that all new construction drawings and as-built drawings must be drawn with BIM, immediately feasible suggestions
Organizer：National Association of Architects of the Republic of China
Co-organiser: CONSTRUCTION AND PLANNING AGENCY MINSTRY OF THE INTERIOR、ARCHITECURE AND BUILDING RESEARCH INSTITUTE, MINISTRY OF THE INTERIOR、TAIWAN ARCHITECURE & BUILDING CENTER、County and city governments
By speeding up the nationwide comprehensive promotion of BIM building license review, stipulating that all new construction drawings and as-built drawings must be drawn with BIM, and requiring relevant building material label certifications to include BIM components in the review mechanism and other regulatory forces, in addition to In addition to helping the implementation of BIM applications, it can also accelerate the construction and development of domestic components. Among them, BIM components are included in the review mechanism for building material label certification, which is also helpful for the promotion of green buildings and carbon emission reduction policies.
Suggestion2: Unified management of building information modeling platform (BIM) white label platform and localization platform, immediately feasible suggestions
Organizer：National Association of Architects of the Republic of China
Co-organiser: CONSTRUCTION AND PLANNING AGENCY MINSTRY OF THE INTERIOR、ARCHITECURE AND BUILDING RESEARCH INSTITUTE, MINISTRY OF THE INTERIOR、TAIWAN ARCHITECURE & BUILDING CENTER
To prevent public component platforms from stopping their development after the termination of project funding due to budget constraints, it is suggested that the white-label platform be entrusted with the localized component platform to manage and be responsible for subsequent operation and management by appropriating operating expenses, so that the two can be integrated and targeted at Check the correctness of components. It is also suggested that in the long run, based on user fees, even if it is a white-label component, any downloader will have to pay a discretionary fee.
Suggestion3: Establish a sustainable operation of the knowledge platform and multiple charging models, immediately feasible suggestions
Organizer：National Association of Architects of the Republic of China
In order for the platform to survive and operate sustainably, in addition to the first two suggestions mentioned in this study, the platform must have the following multiple charging models:
Component listing fee: the annual platform fee must be paid for each component; component production fee: a large number of people who can draw BIM components, including architects, component drawing fees must include a certain percentage of management and sales costs required for platform operations; education and training courses : Cooperate with the National Construction Association to promote relevant BIM courses in the north, central and south, and combine international certificates and certifications; entrust the download of components on the shelves to share profit: architects, electrical technicians, and construction companies can put on the shelves individual or company engraved components for those who need them to download for a fee. 30% of platform profit:
Provision of integrated module components: Architects or related professionals with rich practical experience can be entrusted to draw and provide localized BIM integrated module components that can greatly improve design efficiency, so as to increase platform revenue.