中華民國內政部建築研究所中華民國內政部建築研究所

一、研究緣起
建築資訊模型BIM （Building Information Modeling）是建築/工程/營造（A/E/C）產業最具前瞻性的技術，透過電腦應用程式統整完整且充足的建築資訊，以3D模型構成建築並支援生命週期的管理，目前各國政府正努力透過此項技術協助在地建築產業的發展與突破；其中，BIM建置物件(Object)與族群(Family)可視為發展BIM的重要指標之一，BIM元件係為參數化與智慧化的模型元件以及標準化與產品化的廠商模型元件等，並與建築物共同組構，如牆，樓板，門，窗，設備管線以及燈具與家具等。若在建築生命週期的過程中提供設計施工、營造與營運管理具備足夠資訊
並可搭配不同環節運用之相關元件，將可提供更為準確的資訊與內容以強化與加速設計施工營造流程的資訊傳遞。對於使用者來說，元件的資訊涵構與標準資料參差不齊，主因為缺乏共同標準制訂相關元件規範，同時由於國情的不同，規格尺寸也未必可通用於不同國家；另外，由於不同廠商開發軟體的限制，軟體轉檔時的資訊保存不易，經常發生幾何資訊遺失或資訊欄位與格式錯誤的問題。目前國內BIM的推動正如火如荼的進行中，但有關BIM元件的開發尚需政府盡早提供標準化的規範格式，提供建築營造產業在未來開發元件的過程中，具備可參考的BIM元件標準制
指南，以及建築相關產業開發元件圖庫的技術方向。
二、研究方法與過程
在元件的推動首要步驟中，發展一套BIM元件短中長期的規劃藍圖，為本研究的第一要務，再從BIM元件的定義與建置指南、以及協助開發製造業、開發商、營造與設計單位皆可使用之標準規範，到開發適合本土化廠商使用之雲端BIM元件平臺，包括符合建築生命週期階段在設計、施工與營造、營運管理階段的相關應用元件。
因此本計畫研究內容將著重於下列三大項目：
•調查國內產業界對於BIM元件的實際現況與需求
•研擬BIM元件發展藍圖與規範機制
•示範元件平臺建置與測試
三、重要發現
現階段成果包含：
1.辦理兩場專家學長座談會，實地訪查產學界對於BIM元件的運行狀況，其中包含四家建築師事務所、兩家工程顧問公司以及學術界等，深入瞭解BIM元件在於國內使用現行狀況。
2.舉辦BIM新世代論壇，邀集九位專業之BIM元件業界精英進行演講，深耕國內BIM元件之教育推廣。
3.研擬一套推動BIM元件的規劃藍圖，透過調查政府、學界與產業界之現況，透過提出未來產官學合作之可能策略，以提升國內本土建築產業之價值，期能為國內本土營建產業目前多元發展的BIM環境提供一套具參考價值的推動方向，發展適於國內推動的模式與範本。
4.蒐集國內BIM元件使用者之使用問卷調查，並建構iBIM測試元件庫，協助驗證國內BIM元件使用者心得。
5.研擬國內BIM元件通用格式規範書初稿，針對建築設計產業元件建置需求，進行元件通用格式之規範初步研擬，作為通用元件使用者手冊之參考。
四、主要建議事項
建議一
BIM元件應用-配合建築執照審查與政府工程採購之作業規定研提元件分類表與資訊需求：立即可行建議
主辦機關：內政部建築研究所、內政部營建署、行政院公共工程委員會
協辦機關：臺北市政府、新北市政府、中華民國公共工程資訊協會、財團法人台灣建築中心、中華民國全國建築師公會
由政府端根據建築執照審查法規分析，以系統化方式分類元件用途與使用目標，並導入國際通用之資訊欄位以及資訊轉檔等相關技術，建置專用於各分類用途與目標的通用格式；另外，在公共工程招標過程中，配合採購法相關規定，元件在建築生命週期中的角色更需要被清楚定義與規範，政府單位必須清楚指出在不同階段的元件所必須囊括的內容與資訊，如耐燃級數，材料，廠商資訊，商標等，才能在清楚定義建築圖與模型資訊的交付需求。
建議二
推廣與輔助廠商端建置BIM元件：立即可行建議
主辦機關：內政部建築研究所、內政部營建署、行政院公共工程委員會、財團法人台灣建築中心
協辦機關：臺北市政府、新北市政府、臺中市政府、高雄市政府、中華民國全國建築師公會、中華民國電機技師公會
推廣前期，以不同程度的補助與產業回饋誘導廠商投入外，並篩選優良廠商輔導開發BIM元件，藉由不同層級的推廣與產業鍊串聯提高廠商主動建立BIM元件的意願，建立元件建置關係網絡；推廣後期，建議要求元件廠商參照政府發行之規範書執行，並且依循品質審查的優異程度，適時給予表揚，宣傳的獎勵；本建議以本研究已建置完成通用格式為基礎，並依據政府相關法規導入適當資訊，如防火時效，綠建築材料係數等作為發展方向。
建議三
建置國內BIM通用元件庫與元件審查機制：立即可行建議
主辦機關：內政部建築研究所、中華民國全國建築師公會、財團法人台灣建築中心協辦機關：臺北市政府、新北市政府、臺中市政府、高雄市政府、財團法人台灣營建研究院
依循本研究所提之規範草案及目前開發完成的階段性元件進行系統化類型建置；配合建議一之分類系統與資訊欄位等，有計劃性的建立國內元件庫以及BIM元件上傳審查之機制，其中主要審查項目有：(1)元件格式與資訊欄位（2）元件模型的標準化合格程度 (3)元件內部資訊的充足與適當性等；審查方式由主辦機關研提適當方式，需對應如地方政府依在地化規範等不同單位與模式，搭配如雲端網站審查由程式自動審查，或安排專業模型專家審查；各縣市政府可依循建築規範並與各建築師公會、各建築材料與設備公會等，共同建置與審查使用之任務屬性，並為國內本土
AEC產業發展出專屬的重要規範與機制。
建議四
研訂BIM參數化元件共享應用與交易機制：中長期建議
主辦機關：內政部建築研究所、內政部營建署、行政院公共工程委員會
協辦機關：財團法人台灣建築中心、中華民國全國建築師公會
目前可預見未來產業界對於元件庫的需求與資訊複雜度必然會有相對應的系統以支持建築相關產業的發展，因此目前政府應開始探討與設定元件的雲端共享、使用及交易機制的準則，以對應未來百家爭鳴的發展。雲端共享機制規範建議由中央政府主導發展研訂；此外，針對智慧財產權以及元件交付之責任歸屬，需要透過政府、全國建築師公會、土木技師公會共同協商，建立多方認同之規範，保護與規範元件建置者與元件交付間的合約關係。
建議五
規劃雲端作業在BIM之先導應用與產業策略：中長期建議
主辦機關：內政部建築研究所、內政部營建署、行政院公共工程委員會
協辦機關：財團法人台灣建築中心、中華民國全國建築師公會
以BIM技術逐漸帶動國內建築產業升級與策略發展優勢,一直是世界各國政府努力的方向，國內過去幾年經過產官學界的推廣與努力，逐步看到國內BIM技術發展的成果，國內未來BIM發展極有可能與於工業4.0的方向匯流。
建議提出跨領域前瞻性國家型計畫，利用「物聯網」、「雲端運算」、「大數據」三大技術領域，融合BIM技術提昇AEC產業升級4.0，帶動國內建築轉型為高科技產業，可以與國家層級的科技政策接軌。

I.Background
Building Information Modeling （BIM） is one of most advanced technologies inArchitecture/ Engineering/ Construction （A/E/C） industry in past decade．Using 3D parametric modeling, building information can be integrated to support the management of building life cycle. All countries in the world are taking advantage of BIM technology to develop and upgrade their
industries. BIM object or BIM family is one of important indicators to the success of BIM development. BIM object includes 3D parametric and smart modeling object and standardized and commercialized product object that can combine with building, for example wall, stair, door, window, equipment and pipeline, light and furniture, etc. A BIM object can be a building
product or a building component. If BIM objects can be provided in varied phase of design, construction, management, it can accelerate the process of building life cycle and improve the quality of buildings.
For BIM users, because of lacks of the object standard specification, the object and the context being used are difficult to define. Due to the different AEC industrial culture in different countries, the specification of BIM object standards are also difficult to define. Beside, data is lost in the conversion of files. Information missing and wrong file formats are common problems in translating data between software. In order to promote BIM in Taiwan, government must provide a standard specialization for the development of BIM objects as soon as possible. A goal is to provide AEC industry the BIM standard object build reference guide and a BIM object library.
II.Research methods and process
The first step of BIM object development is to develop a roadmap of short-term,mid-term and long-term of BIM development. It is important to create the standard specialization to define the BIM object, create a BIM object user Guide that support the applications in each building phase within a building life cycle. A BIM object cloud platform is required for Taiwan local AEC industry to employ BIM objects in the entire building life cycle.
This research addresses three perspectives of BIM object development:
i.To study the urgent demand of BIM objects in AEC industry in Taiwan,
ii.To elaboration the roadmap and mechanism of BIM object standards, and
iii.To demonstrate a BIM object platform of for BIM object development.
III.Key findings
The results and key findings of this research work include:
1.Conducted two AEC expert forum for state-of-the-art BIM object development in AEC industry and academia, including field studies of four architectural firms, interviewed two BIM construction consultant companies and collected the BIM object research documents and experience in academia for deeper understanding of the current status of BIM object applications.
2.Conducted a BIM New Generation Forums, invited nine professionals for sharing experience between new generations of BIM development, and cultivated BIM young talents in Taiwan.
3.Developed a roadmap for promoting BIM object development, and to propose a strategy of cooperation between industry, government and academia in the future. Using BIM objects, it raised the value of local AEC industry in Taiwan and support a reference direction of promoting the AEC industry.
4.Collected the use feedbacks from AEC industry, a sample object library called iBIM, and the user questionnaires of BIM object platform.
5.Developed a draft of Taiwan BIM object guide for the BIM object development,and the standard specialization to be used as the reference of BIM object standard user guide.
IV.Suggestions
Suggestion one (Feasible Immediately): Develop the taxonomy and information required for BIM object standards for building code checking and the regulations of building plan submission for local governments.
Organizers: Architecture and Building Research Institute, Construction and Planning Agency Ministry of the Interior, Public Construction Commission Executive Yuan
Co-organizers: Taipei City Government, New Taipei City Government, Chinese Public Works Engineering Information Association, Taiwan Architecture &Building Center, National Architects Association
The government need to build standard format of BIM objects according to the purposes and objectives. It can be done by analyzing the building codes and submission regulations to classify the purposes and objectives of BIM objects,including the attributes, conversion formats and other related technologies that accepted internationally. Beside, the role of the BIM objects need to be clearly defined and standardized in building life cycle with the relevant provisions of the procurement law during the public works bidding process. The government must clearly indicate the content and information such as materials, vendor information,trademarks and others that clearly define the architectural drawing and delivery needs.
Suggestion two (Feasible Immediately): Promote and assist manufacturers to build the BIM objects.
Organizers: Architecture and Building Research Institute, Construction and Planning Agency Ministry of the Interior, Public Construction Commission Executive Yuan,Taiwan Architecture & Building Center
Co-organizers: Taipei City Government, New Taipei City Government, Taichung City Government, Kaohsiung City Government, National Architects Association, Taiwan Professional Electrical Engineers Association R.O.C.
In the vary beginning, try vary degrees of subsidies and rewards and induce manufacturers to invest the BIM objects and filter the excellent manufacturers from AEC industry in Taiwan. This will encourage some manufacturers to build BIM objects initiatively. In the later stage, it is recommended to request the manufacturers to follow the government’s guide for BIM object modelling and give recognition, reward to the excellent manufacturers in the review. This suggestion is based on the general format and appropriate government’s regulations such as
green building materials, fire rate completed in this research as the future development direction.
Suggestion three (Feasible Immediately): Develop a BIM object library and establish the mechanism of assessing the BIM objects.
Organizers: Architecture and Building Research Institute, Taiwan Architecture &Building Center,National Architects Association
Co-organizers: Taipei City Government, New Taipei City Government, Taichung City Government, Kaohsiung City Government, Taiwan Construction Research Institute
According to the specification provided by this research work, it is necessary to develop a taxonomy of BIM objects, BIM object guide, and the mechanism for assessment:
(1) the BIM object format and attributes, (2) the BIM object standard, (3) the validity and appropriateness of BIM objects. The government should propose an appropriate review process that corresponds to the local regulations associated with the automatic cloud submission reviews. The standards and mechanisms of BIM objects in local AEC industry can be built up by the local government along with the local architects, engineers and manufacturers associations.
Suggestion four (In Mid-Long Term): Study on the sharing and trading mechanisms of parametric BIM objects.
Organizers: Architecture and Building Research Institute, Construction and Planning Agency Ministry of the Interior, Public Construction Commission Executive Yuan
Co-organizers: Taiwan Architecture & Building Center, National Architects Association
In the foresee future, it is predictable that the complexity of buildings demands a BIM object library in AEC industry. So, the government should begin to explore and set up the mechanism of sharing, using and trading of BIM objects in the Cloud.
The guideline of sharing in the Cloud is recommended by the central government.Beside, the intellectual property rights and responsibility for delivery of BIM objects need the mutual agreement by the government, architects’ associations, engineers’ associations to protect the relationship between author and the delivery.
Suggestion five (In Mid-Long Term): Develop the preliminary BIM applications and strategy for Taiwan AEC industry:
Organizer: Architecture and Building Research Institute, Construction and Planning agency ministry of the interior, Public Construction Commission
Co-organizers: Taiwan Architecture & building center, National Architecture Association
The governments all over the world have tried to use BIM technology to drives and raise the values of AEC industry. There is a convergence between BIM technology and industry 4.0 in Taiwan.
The study suggests to initiate a national BIM framework proposal, integrating Internet of Things, Cloud Computing, and Big Data. BIM technology can largely upgrade the level of AEC industry by incorporating high technology and link it with national-level science and technology policy.