中華民國內政部建築研究所中華民國內政部建築研究所

一、研究緣起
國內工程各界對BIM(Building Information Model)運用已近六年，然而尚未有共識的BIM執行標準，造成國內推動BIM運用的最大阻力。有鑑於此，內政部建築研究所(以下簡稱｢建研所｣)在104年已經委託學術單位進行「我國BIM協同作業指南之研訂—設計與施工階段資訊交換」之研究，完成初步BIM協同作業指南之研擬。為了深化產業對於BIM之應用，必須透過產業界之案例實證、蒐集各方意見持續修正BIM協同作業指南，才能訂定出真正符合國內產業環境特性及各方需求的BIM執行標準。本研究之主要目標即在透過產業實際案例之應用，研擬出符合國內產業環境需求之BIM協同作業指南執行要項，提供相關專業人員實務工作上之參考，以做為國內建築專案各參與方推動BIM工作之參考依據。
二、研究方法及過程
本研究使用次級資料分析法、專家學者座談法、BIM專案實證法及焦點團體訪談等方法，回顧國內外相關BIM指南、執行細則及技術手冊等文獻之分析與整理國內執行BIM專案遭遇問題之文獻分析及國外成功BIM專案的典範學習等文獻，分析其與本研究之相關性，以提供本研究所需之工具與領域知識；邀請與本研究主題相關之國內專家學者(建築設計廠商、建築施工廠商、政府主管機關及BIM資訊專家)進行座談會議，以議題討論方式，共召開兩次專家學者座談，以進行BIM指南執行要項文件知內容審視及改進；本研究徵集二個真實建築工程專案，輔導業主工程主辦單位及設計與施工廠商，應用本所104年度所研擬之｢BIM協同作業指南初稿｣及105年度｢BIM協同作業指南執行要項草案｣，蒐集各方之意見，並回饋修正BIM協同作業指南；並與實證案例團隊進行四次焦點訪談，深入瞭解執行BIM實證專案時所遭遇之問題，並提出解決方案；實證過程，由本研究團隊擬定議題並主持訪談會議，召集配合實證之BIM專案的參與團隊成員，針對擬定的協同作業指南執行要項相關議題，深入說明執行流程方法及可能產生的議題及問題，由受訪團體依據其真實經驗，提出執行專案時的可能議題及解決或修正方案，以回饋修正所擬定之BIM指南要項文件內容。
三、重要發現 
本研究經由前述之研究方法與研究過程，獲致以下幾點重要發現：
1.    本研究採取標竿學習方法，以各國外BIM指南文件為參考對象，依據國內特殊之法規要求與產業環境特性進行本土化修訂，已經完成BIM專案六大階段，共25項BIM應用(BIM Uses)目的及各交付成果要求之定義。此一標準可做為未來國內BIM專案執行與交付標準之依據，預期可以改進過去國內BIM專案執行時所遭遇的BIM目標及應用定義不清、BIM模型元件細緻度之要求不符合實際需求、權責分工及溝通協調缺乏整合、未明確規定各階段交付成果、對於BIM智財產權認知錯誤以及因為未編列合理之BIM服務費用導致BIM工作成果不如預期等各項現況問題。
2.    透過比較世界主要國家BIM指南及其相關執行要項文獻之內容後，本研究提出一個包含三層級三大文件分類之｢BIM協同作業指南文件架構｣，以做為我國推動BIM專案之執行參考文件。此一文件架構包含契約文件(包括契約範本及BIM特定條款)、BIM指南(包括指南本文及附件、基本建模指南及指南執行要項文件)及其他文件等。基本涵蓋了我國推動BIM專案所需要之專案層級標準文件類型與內容，未來搭配BIM元件建置標準等產業層級標準文件之制定，應可建構一整套完整的BIM指南標準，以做為我國推動BIM產業之標準。
3.    經過兩個真實BIM專案案例之實證發現，本研究所提出之｢我國BIM協同作業指南暨指南執行要項(初稿)｣在真實案例應用上，分別有22項(88%)及23項(92%)BIM應用目的可於實證專案中進行驗證，且大多能獲得實證廠商之認可，可見本研究所提出之BIM應用目的定義在國內營建產業之適用性。雖然受限於國內營建產業對於BIM技術掌握能力之限制，部分廠商現階段可能無法完全達到所有BIM指南之要求；但參與實證之廠商多具有本｢我國BIM協同作業指南暨指南執行要項(初稿)｣所要求之BIM工作執行能力與技術水準，亦認同本指南文件所提出之BIM應用要求對於建築工程專案整體執行效益之意義與價值。未來應該朝向推動提升整體產業水準，以達到國際BIM技術標準，並提升我國營建產業之競爭力。
4.    本研究已完成整套協同作業指南之初稿，並透過兩個真實案例之導入實證分析，初步驗證其可行性。並藉由實證資料之行回饋意見修正，使其更符合國內營建產業之需求，研究團隊相信此一BIM協同作業指南標準文件應該可以做為國內公私部門執行BIM建築專案時之參考。
四、主要建議事項 
建議一
長期性建議—將｢BIM模型發展程度規範(LOD)｣之標準納入我國BIM協同作業指南執行要項中的｢其他｣類文件
主辦機關：內政部建築研究所
協辦機關：國立台灣大學BIM 工程資訊模擬與管理研究中心
雖然本研究所提出之｢我國BIM協同作業指南暨指南執行要項(初稿)｣已經涵蓋推動BIM專案所需要之專案層級標準文件類型與內容，然而對於BIM模型發展細程度(LOD)之標準，建議仍可參考美國建築師學會(AIA) G202 (2013版)文件所定義之BIM模型發展詳細程度標準；此一標準已被國立台灣大學BIM 工程資訊模擬與管理研究中心編譯成為｢BIM模型發展程度規範 (2014版)｣，但相關標準尚未經過正式之實證研究。建議未來可將此一BIM模型發展詳細程度標準進行本土化修正後，納入｢圖4-1 我國BIM協同作業指南暨指南執行要項(初稿)文件架構｣中的｢其他｣類文件，做為參照之文件。
建議二
立即可行之建議—試辦公共工程｢BIM前導計畫(BIM Pilot Project)｣
主辦機關：行政院公共工程委員會
協辦機關：內政部營建署、台北市政府、新北市政府、桃園市政府、台中市政府、台南市政府、高雄市政府
雖然國內營建產業界已經具備執行本｢我國BIM協同作業指南暨指南執行要項(初稿)｣所規範之技術能力，但受限於整體營建產業對於BIM技術掌握能力之限制，短期內當公私部門業主在引用本｢我國BIM協同作業指南暨指南執行要項(初稿)｣內容時，亦應該務實地認知多數中小型營建產業尚未具備達到本指南文件中所規範之技術與交付成果要求的能力。因此，建議可以先發文提供給內政部營建署、台北市、新北市、桃園市、台中市、台南市及高雄市等六都市政府等重要公共建築工程主辦機關參考，由上述重要公共建築工程業主單位進行前導BIM專案之試辦。建議可以提供    ｢桃園市桃園區中路二號基地(中路三段103.105地號)新建公營住宅｣，以及｢台灣證交所板橋資訊中心新建大樓專案｣等二個實證案例作為參考。
試辦案例機關可以參考｢TW-05 業主BIM指南應用指引｣之指引，首先，適當地選擇25項BIM應用中較基本的BIM應用項目，其次，依據傳契約型態：(1) 傳統設計/發包/施工標，可依據｢圖5.1、傳統設計/發包/施工(DBB)專案BIM指南實施流程｣進行試辦專案；(2) 統包專案，可依據｢圖5.2、統包(DB)專案BIM指南實施流程｣進行｢前導性計畫(Pilot Project)｣之執行。使產業界逐漸熟悉本BIM協同作業指南之要求，並提升其本身之BIM技術能力。等到多數廠商都具備相關技術能力之後，再全面導入其他較深入之BIM應用項目。桃園市政府住宅發展處之公營社會住宅新建專案皆已導入BIM，且所有專案皆以｢TW BIM指南｣為主要參考標準。因此，本建議之後續工作，可以與桃園市政府合作舉辦BIM導入之經驗分享研討會，以共同探討｢TW BIM指南｣之實施實務課題。
建議三
立即可行之建議—積極推廣｢BIM協同作業指南｣
主辦機關：內政部建築研究所
協辦機關：財團法人台灣建築中心
推動BIM應用之成功與否，不僅仰賴BIM協同作業指南之制定，國內營建產業BIM技術水準之提升以及對於國際BIM發展趨勢之掌握，都是影響未來我國BIM應用成敗之關鍵，因此，建議未來相關單位應該積極進行本｢BIM協同作業指南暨指南要項(初稿)｣之產業推廣。建議未來可以主動向各建築師公會，以及土木、結構、機電、冷凍空調等技師公會、營造公會及專業承包商公會等單位進行指南說明與介紹，並開授輔導課程，協助專業廠商瞭解及應用本BIM指南。透過對各產業公會之廣泛而普遍之講習與教育訓練，讓國內營建產業熟悉與了解BIM技術之應用標準，以達到提升整體產業BIM技術能力之目標。

I. Background
It’s been six years since the public sectors adopted Building Information Modeling (BIM) in some of their projects. However, the lack of a commonly accepted BIM Guide has resulted in the confusion and obstacle for successful BIM implementation in Taiwan. To tackle the abovementioned problem, the Architecture and Building Research Institute (ABRI) has drafted the “BIM Collaboration Guide” for information exchange between the designer and the contractor of a construction project. In order to refine the BIM Guide in light of practical implementation, it is required to collect revision opinions from the practitioners of real world BIM projects continuously. The primary objective of the current research is to develop the required essential guides in order to meet the context and requirement of the local construction industry so as to provide a practical guide and useful reference to the industrial practitioners of BIM projects.

II. Methodology
The methodology adopted in this research includes: secondary data analysis, subject matter expert (SME) panel discussion, case study, and focused group meeting. The required tools and domain knowledge of this research are acquired by reviewing the relevant BIM guides and BIM collaboration essential guides for BIM projects from other leading countries, and the lessons-learned from former successful BIM projects. Three SME panel discussions are called to provide revision opinions after the BIM collaboration essential guides was drafted. Then, two focused groups of industrial practitioners from both the designer and the contractor were organized to review the revised BIM essential guides. Finally, two real world BIM projects are selected from local construction industry for case studies. The participants of the two case BIM projects are trained to utilize the proposed BIM essential guides. Then four focused group meetings are called to collect revision opinions of the proposed BIM essential guides from the participants.
III. Findings
After finishing the all planned work, the research concludes the following findings:
1.    By benchmarking the BIM implementation documents of the advanced countries and then tailoring with the local regulations and construction context, this research has proposed a complete BIM Guide system. The proposed TW BIM Guide defines the objectives and required deliverables for the 25 BIM Uses of six construction phases. Such a BIM Guide can be adopted to improve the existing problems of unclear BIM objectives, unreasonable LOD requirements, inefficient communication among project teams, lacking integration, undefined deliverables, misunderstanding of intellectual property of BIM works, insufficient BIM service fees, and unsatisfactory BIM outcomes of existing BIM projects.
2.    The TW BIM Guide proposed by this research consists of BIM documents three main categories: (1) Contract documents—including three template contracts, one particular conditions; (2) BIM guides—including the TW BIM Guide main body (with four appendixes), essential guides, and implementation guides; (3) others—including the glossary of terms. Such a BIM Guide system has included all implementation documents required for a BIM project. It provides a standard for the domestic construction industry to implement the BIM applications.
3.    From the results of the two case studies, the proposed TW BIM Guide were approved with 88% (22 BIM Uses) for Case Study I and 92% (23 BIM Uses) for Case Study II, respectively, by the participants. It verifies the applicability of the proposed TW BIM Guide for local construction industry. Although some local construction organizations may be unable to implement all BIM Uses defined in TW BIM Guide, all participants of the two case BIM projects agreed and believed that the requirements specified in TW BIM Guide will be beneficial for promoting BIM application of the local construction industry in the long run. The participants suggested that it is the incapable local construction organizations who are responsible to enhance themselves in order to meet the requirements of TW BIM Guide, rather than downgrade the TW BIM Guide to meet their BIM capabilities.
4.    This study has completed the first version of TW BIM Guide, and has demonstrated its applicability with two real world BIM projects. It is convinced that the proposed TW BIM Guide will provide the construction projects of both public and private sectors a useful BIM guide for more successful and efficient delivery of their BIM works.
IV. Suggestions
Suggestion I: “Including LOD specification in TW BIM Guide”—could be adopted right away
Principal Executor: The Architecture and Building Research Institute (ABRI)
Associated Executor: Research Center for Building & Infrastructure Information Modeling and Management, NTU
Execution statements: The proposed TW BIM Guide has covered most required documents for implementation of BIM projects. However, it will be beneficial to include the Level of Development (LOD) Specification developed by American Institute of Architects (AIA). Such a specification has been translated by the Research Center for Building & Infrastructure Information Modeling and Management, NTU. Although, it has been localized with empirical studies. It is desirable to include such a document in TW BIM Guide so that the implementation of BIM can be better supported. 

Suggestion II: “Conducting Public Pilot BIM Projects”—could be adopted right away 
Principal Executor: The Public Construction Commission (PCC)
Associated Executor: The public construction agencies.
Execution statements: Although some leading construction organizations have shown their extraordinary capabilities in implementing TW BIM Guide, most small and medium (SME) local construction organizations are still incapable to meet the requirements of TW BIM Guide. It is therefore suggested to provide the “TW BIM Guide” to the primary public construction agencies (including the Cnstruction and Planning Aggency, Minister of the Interior, Taipei City Government, New Taipei City Government, Taoyuan City Government, Taichung City Government, Tainan City Government, and Kaoshiung City Government) to conduct public pilot BIM projects that implement the requirements set by TW BIM Guide, so that the local SME construction organizations can build up their BIM capabilities eventually to meet the requirements of TW BIM Guide. It is also suggested to the abovementioned government agencies to refer to the two empirical case studies conducted in this research.
The government agencies who conduct pilot BIM implementation projects are encouraged to refer to TW-05 for guidance of project execution. The Fig. 5.1 of TW-05 is referred for traditional DBB projects and the Fig. 5.2 of TW-05 is referred for traditional DB projects. The Taoyuan City Government is the partner of the DB empirical BIM implementation project of this research. The government agencies who conduct pilot BIM implementation projects are encouraged to consult Taoyuan City Government for further experience sharing.
Suggestion III: “Promotion of TW BIM Guide”— could be adopted right away 
Principal Executor: The Architecture and Building Research Institute (ABRI)
Associated Executor: Taiwan Architecture and Building Center (TABC), Construction and Architect Associations
Execution statements: The successful implementation of BIM cannot rely solely on the constitution of BIM Guide. The improvement of local BIM capabilities and alignment with the international standards are also critical for BIM implementation. It is therefore important to promote TW BIM Guide to the local construction and architect associations, including the regional Architect Associations, Civil Engineering Consultant Associations, Structural Engineering Consultant Associations, MEP Consultant Associations, and Engineering Contractor Associations. Training courses on the adoption of TW BIM Guides should be provided to the members of the above-mentioned associations. The training courses can not only train the members to understand the requirements of the TW BIM Guide, but also help them to foresee the future development of BIM technology. Such perspectives are important to promote the competitiveness of the local construction industry.