中華民國內政部建築研究所中華民國內政部建築研究所

一、 研究緣起及背景
防災中心的設置，對於高層建築物的快速發展具重要的意義， 防災中心具備設置監控各類防災設備、集中管理防災設備、輔助處理緊急應變事故及指揮災害事故等四大功能，在訓練良好的防災中心值勤人員妥善應變處理下，才能使災害發生時的損害降到最低。
基於我國目前缺乏防災監控系統之設置及防災中心值勤人員之管理規範，本研究透國內外文獻之探討、火災案例之蒐集、國內外相關法規之比較及現況實際調查等方式整理後，擬定「防災監控系統之設置規則」及「防災中心值勤人員任用及管理規則」。
二、 研究方法及步驟
本研究所採用之方法
(一) 文獻研究法
蒐集國內外高層建築物防災中心之規範或研究文獻等相關資訊，以作為本國高層建築物防災中心設置規範之參考依據。
(二) 案例分析法
針對國內外有關高層建築物防災中心於火災發生時之運作成功或失敗之案例，分析較成功或具示範性個案之硬體設計與防火管理策略，作為擬訂高層建築物防災中心設置規範之參考。
(三) 調查、訪談研究法
以臺北市、臺中市及高雄市為主要目標，調查應設防災中心之高層建築物。藉由訪談10棟具代表性高層建築物的防災中心值勤人員及調查記錄各類防災監控系統之設置類型，作為探討建築安全、防災中心、防火管理及消防搶救之整合依據。
(四) 專家學者座談法
舉辦專家學者座談，邀請國內專業人士針對本研究之主要議題進行研討與提出相關建議，以作為本研究主題之重要參考依據。
三、 重要發現
經由本研究透過綜合分析及整理後，獲得以下發現：
(一) 透過民國83年至104年的內政部營建署核發建築物使用執照統計資料可以發現，高層建築物的高度有越來越發展的趨勢。16-20層之棟數與21層以上之棟數的比例關係，自民國83年起至民國103年，比例由是5比1發展到6比11。
(二) 在相關重大火災案例分析中，可以發現防災中心之失效原因，最大的問題就是防災中心值勤人員人力及專業性不足所致。
(三) 建議未來訂定相關開放式、互通性的自動化通訊協定標準，將可簡化安裝程序、降低系統維護成本、防止設備供應商及系統業者的壟斷及增加未來系統擴充性。
(四) 針對消防活動支援機能訂定相關防災設備之統一顯示方式及項目，使消防人員能快速的了解並與防災中心連結。並能快速得到建築物內的所有救災情資，以利救災活動之展開。
(五) 有關防災中心位置、構造及設備部分，建議未來相關主管機關進行跨機關協商，就其主管權責再做進一步之分配及釐清，使法規執行及推動上得以簡化。
四、 建議事項
建議一： 防災監控系統之資通訊整合方法教育推廣
建議二： 修訂各類場所消防安全設備設置標準及訂定防災監控盤相關設計、設置與管理規定
建議三： 修訂消防法及訂定防災中心值勤人員設置與管理規定

I. Research Background
The establishment of fire command centers has been instrumental in the rapid development of high-rise buildings. Fire command centers are equipped with fire monitoring equipment and are tasked with central management of firefighting equipment, emergency response assistance, and firefighting command capabilities. Well-trained fire command center staff are essential in minimizing fire damages.
With regard to Taiwan’s lack in fire monitoring system establishment and regulations for fire command center staff, in this study, “Fire Monitoring System Establishment Regulations” and “Fire Command Center Staff Appointment and Management Regulations” are proposed, based on literature review, cases of fire, comparison of fire regulations in Taiwan and abroad, and investigation into Taiwan’s current state of fire safety management.
II. Methodology
The following methodology was used for this study.
(1) Literature review
High-rise building fire command center regulations and the literature thereof from Taiwan and abroad was collected to serve as reference for the high-rise building fire command center establishment regulations proposed for Taiwan.
(2) Case study
Cases of success and failure of high-rise building fire command centers in fire response from Taiwan and abroad were analyzed. The hardware design and fire prevention management strategies in successful and exemplary cases were used as reference for the proposed high-rise building fire command center establishment regulations.
(3) Interview survey
Focusing on high-rise buildings in Taipei City, Taichung City, and Kaohsiung City, this study interviewed staff from the fire command centers of ten major buildings and recorded the setup of fire monitoring systems therein for reference in the integration of building safety, fire command centers, fire prevention management, and firefighting and rescue.
(4) Expert interview
Expert forums were held with Taiwanese experts discussing the main topics in this study and offering suggestions, which served as reference for this study.
III. Key Findings
Comprehensive compilation and analysis of the data obtained for this study yielded the following findings.
(1) Based on the statistics of building occupation permits issued by the Construction and Planning Agency, Ministry of the Interior from 1994 to 2015, the height of the high-rise buildings has been increasing. The ratio between buildings with 16 to 20 stories and those with 21 stories or more changed from 5:1 in 1994 to 6:11 in 2014.
(2) Analysis of major fire cases revealed that the most important factors in the failure of fire command centers were the understaffing of fire command centers and insufficient training of the staff.
(3) It is recommended that open, interoperable, and automated communication protocol be established in the future, to streamline the installation process, lower system maintenance costs, prevent monopoly by equipment and system providers, and increase scalability for the systems.
(4) With a system of unified display and included items for firefighting assistance function, firefighters can quickly understand the situation at hand and communicate with the fire command center, thus efficiently obtaining all firefighting information in an affected building and commence firefighting and rescue efforts.
(5) Regarding the location, structure, and equipment of fire command centers, it is recommended that the authorities conduct inter-departmental negotiations to more clearly assign the duties of officers, so that the implementation and enforcement of regulations can be more efficient.
IV. Suggestions
1. Education and advocacy for the integration of communications in fire monitoring systems
 2.Improving on fire safety equipment standards for all types of spaces and formulating regulations for the design, installation, and management of fire monitoring panels
3.Improving on the Fire Services Act and formulating regulations for the assignment and management of fire command center staffs.