中華民國內政部建築研究所中華民國內政部建築研究所

一、研究緣起
目前建築防火避難性能驗證都是以人工讀取AutoCAD圖面中的數據，再由人工輸入的方式建立防火避難Excel表格，若是建築師事務所將原有圖面進行修正或修改時，同樣需由評定單位人工檢查且再次輸入或進行修正，此方式不僅耗費人力與時間，而且亦有人工作業所導致數值輸入或輸出錯誤的可能。
所幸拜科技之賜，建築資訊模型（Building Information Modeling，以下簡稱BIM）已廣泛的應用在建築、工程、營建的產業，其運用數位化的元件，表示真實世界中用來建造建築物的構件，它將傳統電腦輔助設計的向量圖像，結合其他眾多資訊展示的物件，以方便我們選取所須的資訊，產出精確的數值有利於記錄與分析，因此建立完整之模型資料庫是建築相關產業共同努力的目標。有鑑於此，將建築及室內裝修防火避難之審查驗證的相關資訊，建置於BIM資料庫中，可提升評定單位人工審查的查核品質及效率、落實後續營運管理及救災預防，以保障建築物之防火避難安全。
二、研究方法與過程
本研究所採行的研究方法包含文獻回顧法、理論與方法、樣版建置與應用法、案例驗證法、比較分析法、專家座談法等。
根據文獻回顧之內容，將防火避難樣版所需之參數進行分析及分類，作為建置Template防火避難樣版之基礎；邀請與本研究主題相關的國內專家學者進行座談會議，以諮詢討論及意見交流的方式，前後召開三次專家學者座談會，以作為研究計畫執行要項內容之審視及改進；運用集合住宅等建築設計之案例，在導入不同案例的過程中，驗證樣版內之參數設定，確立建構的樣版系統與後續可執行性；比較及運用本研究所建置的「Template 防火避難樣版」二版，所產生出的防火避難驗證結果與原評定單位判定之差異，分析及驗證其建置之資料庫的正確性。
三、重要發現
「煙層簡易二層驗證法」與本樣版之介接
由於生活型態改變，集合住宅規劃朝向小坪數設計發展，其小居室之防火
避難驗證如採用「建築物防火避難安全性能驗證技術手冊」進行驗證時，有其困難性，故針對小居室採用「煙層簡易二層驗證法」，以確認建築物防火避難是否安全。本樣版可與「煙層簡易二層驗證法」介接驗證，拋轉簡易二層的數值至本樣版中，以驗證居室面積≦300m2之類型。
計算數值進位與步行距離可視化的檢討
依「建築物防火避難安全性能驗證技術手冊」定義之步行距離計算，是以
路線起點和牆壁間的距離0.5m 為起算，到達該出口之最長距離，為了可視化及確保使用之路徑與法規限制條件相符，故於樣版中建置逃生步距之立體元件，供使用者作逃生步距繪製之基準，以進行建築物防火避難安全性能驗證。
依業界評定單位的審核圖表，進行樣版驗證結果之輸出頁面設計，該樣版輸出之驗證結果，同等於防火避難驗證評定，以供審查單位審查。另將以建築師事務所與防火避難評估公司等使用者為主，建置「Template防火避難樣版使用者案例操作手冊」二版。依據手冊中的操作步驟，導入及選取相關可辨識參數後，能快速產生防火避難excel明細表。且相較傳統過去利用人工操作的方式讀取AutoCAD資訊所產出之防火避難excel明細表格，本研究利用BIM技術所產出之「Template防火避難樣版」excel明細表格可達到： 
(1)提升使用者作業之便利性。 
(2)提升前提條件參數數值的精確度。 
(3)提升性能驗證結果數值的精準度。 
(4)提升建築物之安全性。 
(5)共享資料以減少重複作業的浪費。 
(6)使用標準資料格式減少因檔案交換而產生的錯誤與遺漏。 
故本研究以上述之「Template防火避難樣版」作為延續，並列出操作方式及適用範圍後能夠獲致準確之數據，避免因人工輸入導致之錯誤產生，亦可節省大量之輸入作業時間。本研究初步擬定出之樣版檔操作手冊，內容包括：1.防火樣版架構。2.專案基本設定。3.元件使用注意事項。4.操作方法。5.檔案交付及匯出原則。作為應用BIM系統協助進行「建築物防火避難安全性能驗證」，未來更可提供評定機構有效管理驗證單位之計算品質。
四、主要建議事項
根據研究發現，提出下列具體建議︰
1.建議建築物防火避難審查評定機構採用本案研究成果輔助建築物防火避難審查︰立即可行。
2.發展以BIM樣版及外掛程式輔助建築物防火避難綜合檢討報告書產出自動化︰中長期建議。
3.建置評定機構線上審核平台︰中長期建議。

Ⅰ、Purpose of research
At present, the building fire refuge performance verification is to manually read the data in the AutoCAD drawing, and then establish the fire refuge Excel form by manual input. If the architect firm corrects or modifies the original drawing, it also needs to be The evaluation unit manually checks and re-enters or corrects it. This method not only consumes manpower and time, but also has the possibility of numerical input or output error caused by manual work.
Thanks to the technology, Building Information Modeling (BIM) has been widely used in the construction, engineering, and construction industries. It uses digital components to represent the real-world components used to build buildings. It combines traditional computer-aided design vector images with other information-displayed objects to facilitate us to select the information we need to produce accurate numerical values for record and analysis. Therefore, building a complete model database is a construction-related industry. The goal of working together. In view of this, the relevant information on the review and verification of fire prevention and evacuation of buildings and interior decoration is built in the BIM database, which can improve the quality and efficiency of the manual review of the assessment unit, implement follow-up operation management and disaster prevention to ensure buildings. Fire refuge safety.
Ⅱ、Research methods and processes
The research methods adopted in this research include literature review method, theory and method, pattern construction and application method, case verification method, comparative analysis method, expert discussion method and so on.
According to the contents of the literature review, the parameters required for the fire prevention refractory sample are analyzed and classified as the basis for the establishment of the Template fire prevention refuge sample; domestic experts and scholars related to the research topic are invited to conduct a discussion meeting to consult and discuss. In the way of communication, three expert and scholar symposiums were held before and after, as a review and improvement of the contents of the research project implementation items; using the case of architectural design such as collective housing, in the process of importing different cases, verify the parameter settings in the sample. Establish the constructed pattern system and subsequent enforceability; compare and use the second version of the "Template Fire Refuge Pattern" built by the Institute, the difference between the fire evasion verification results and the original assessment unit's judgment, analysis and verification The correctness of the database it has built.
Ⅲ、Significant findings
 “A two-zone fire growth and smoke movement model for multi-compartment buildings” and the application of this sample.
Due to changes in lifestyle, the collective housing plan is designed and developed towards Xiaopingyu, and its small living room is fireproofed.
It is difficult to verify the evacuation verification using the "Building Fire and Evacuation Safety Performance Verification Technical Manual". Therefore, the "smoke layer simple two-layer verification method" is adopted for the small room to confirm whether the fire prevention and evacuation of the building is safe. This version can be verified with the "Simple Layer Two-Layer Validation Method", and the value of the simple two-layer can be transferred to this sample to verify the type of room area ≦300m2.
A review of the calculation of numerical carry and walking distance visualization.
The calculation of the walking distance defined by the "Technical Manual for the Safety Performance Verification of Building Fire and Evacuation" is based on The distance between the starting point of the route and the wall is 0.5m, and the longest distance to the exit. In order to visualize and ensure that the path of use is consistent with the regulatory restrictions, the three-dimensional component of the escape step is built in the template for the user to make. The benchmark for the escape step is drawn to verify the safety performance of the building fire refuge.
According to the audit chart of the industry evaluation unit, the output page design of the sample verification result is performed, and the verification result of the sample output is equivalent to the fire evacuation verification evaluation for review by the review unit. In addition, the second edition of the "Template Fire Dust Prevention User Case Operation Manual" will be built mainly for users such as the Architects and the Fire and Dust Assessment Company. According to the operation steps in the manual, after importing and selecting relevant identifiable parameters, the fire refuge excel schedule can be quickly generated. Compared with the traditional fire safety evacuation excel detail form produced by AutoCAD information in the past, this study uses the "Template Fire Refuge Pattern" excel detail form produced by BIM technology to achieve:
(1)Improve the convenience of the user's work.
(2)Improve the accuracy of the precondition parameter values.
(3)Improve the accuracy of the performance verification result values.
(4)Improve the safety of buildings.
(5)Share data to reduce waste of repetitive tasks.
(6)Use standard data formats to reduce errors and omissions caused by file exchange.
Therefore, this study uses the above-mentioned "Template Fire Refuge Pattern" as a continuation, and lists the operation mode and scope of application to obtain accurate data, avoiding errors caused by manual input, and saving a large amount of input operation time. The sample operation manual originally prepared by this study includes: 1. Fireproof pattern architecture. 2. Basic settings of the project. 3. Precautions for component use. 4. Method of operation. 5. File delivery and remittance principles. As the application of the BIM system to assist in the "safety verification of building fire refuge safety", in the future, the evaluation organization can effectively provide the calculation quality of the verification unit.
Ⅳ、Main suggestions
Based on the research findings, the following specific recommendations are made:
1.It is recommended that the building fire and evacuation review and assessment agency use the research results of this case to assist the building fire prevention and evacuation review︰Immediately feasible.
2.Development of a comprehensive review report on the fire prevention and evacuation of buildings assisted by BIM samples and plug-ins︰Medium and long term advice.
3.Establish a rating agency online audit platform︰Medium and long term advice.