中華民國內政部建築研究所中華民國內政部建築研究所

一、研究緣起
內政部於105年6月號令修正建築設計施工編防音條文。建築防音規定之隔音基準採「規格式」及「性能式」並行方式，目前建築防音機制規定建築構件(牆面、樓板等)單獨建築構件之隔音降噪性能，惟缺乏噪音源對居住者聲音感受之影響評估，及噪音源對室內聲場影響結果研究。另有關噪音源之方向性及居住者感受等問題缺少相關實驗研究，僅就設備噪音聲功率進行量測評估應用性尚不足。
本研究目的為依據ISO 532-1( Acoustics - Methods for calculating loudness ---Part 1: Zwicker method)國際標準，進行有關心理聲學參數(響度)之實驗檢測項目技術開發。進行室內設備噪音源之心理聲學參數、方向性、頻譜特性及其對室內空間聲場之影響分析研究。及建立本所ISO 532-1量測實驗系統與實驗程序，以拓展本所建築音環境研究實驗技術及能量。
二、研究方法與過程
本研究為室內設備噪音對建築空間音環境影響之試驗研究，目的包含(1) 完成ISO532-1聲音品質量測試驗技術開發，建立心理聲學參數量測方法技術，以開發新檢測項目。(2)於無響室進行室內設備噪音源(生活資訊或家電產品)聲場實測以分析其方向性、頻譜特性等。並採ISO532-1方法進行心理聲學參數量測分析，以評估設備噪音對居住者感受之影響。(3)由室內設備噪音試驗量測結果，採理論模式分析不同室內設備噪音對建築室內空間聲場之整體影響，以供實務參考應用。以拓展本所研究實驗技術及能量。
三、重要發現
研究參考ISO532-1規範量測性能需求項目，參考規範規定方式，進行量測系統規劃工作，除進行室內設備噪音與人耳聽覺等相關研究文獻蒐集及檢測規範研究外；包含完成量測系統規劃、實驗量測系統規劃及相關實驗量測原理研究、並完成自由聲場之試驗環境聲場量測驗證等項目。後續分別完成冷氣空調、抽水馬達、廚房排煙機、浴廁排風機、洗衣機等多項建築設備噪音特性實測，除量測其設備噪音之頻譜特性外，並採ISO532-1方法進行心理聲學參數響度計算分析等工作，以評估設備噪音對居住者感受之影響，相關成果可供室內設備噪音對建築室內空間聲場之影響研究應用。
四、主要建議事項
建議一
(國內建材聲學實驗數據累積與實驗研究)：立即可行建議
主辦機關：內政部建築研究所
協辦機關：內政部建築研究所
內政部於105年6月號令修正建築設計施工編防音條文。建築防音規定之隔音基準採「規格式」及「性能式」並行方式。由於前述建築防音規定之施行，目前國內建築業界對於建築樓板衝擊音隔音構造、建築空氣音隔音構造之設計研發經驗日漸成熟精進，另因法規有關樓板衝擊音列舉式構造中具相關橡膠緩衝材動態剛性性能規定，故近期國內產業界對於橡膠緩衝材之隔音技術亦投入研究，此優質正向循環可提升國內建築音環境品質。但由室內環境聲場理論與機制可知，除了隔音材料外，室內材料吸音特性及噪音聲源特性等2大要素，亦對室內聲場具有重要之影響，本所建築音響實驗室具完整之建築聲學相關研究設施，故未來可規劃持續進行國內相關建材之聲學特性實驗研究(包含空氣音隔音、吸音、衝擊音隔音性能等) 累積本土之建材實驗性能數據，及進行國內建築設備噪音源特性研究，由音源特性、傳播過程至接收端防制等流程，建立完整研究基礎，相關成果未來可供國內業界應用與提升產業界產品研發參考，提升國內建築樓板衝擊音防治技術。
建議二
(國內建築室內環境聲場組合性能研究)：中長期建議
主辦機關：內政部建築研究所
協辦機關：內政部建築研究所
國內都市具大量集合住宅之居住特性，住宅密集都市中家戶比鄰而居情況相當普遍，與國外地廣人稀之居住環境不盡相同，室內音環境與建築防治與研究相當重要且具實務應用性。因應國內建築技術規則防音規定施行，國內建築產業界對於建築隔音與防制技術需求亦逐年擴增，除建築材料特性之外，未來可擴展於室內聲學聲場之研究，採運用現有之國內建築材料實測性能資料，納入國內實際之室內居住環境邊界條件進行室內聲場理論分析模擬，以評估建築設備噪音源對室內音環境之影響。

The Ministry of the Interior issued an order in June 2016 to amend the sound-proof regulations for building design and construction. The sound insulation standards of building soundproof regulations adopt the parallel method of “standard type” and “performance type”. The current soundproofing mechanism of buildings stipulates the sound insulation and noise reduction performance of individual building components (walls, floors, etc.), but lacks noise sources to sound the occupants. Evaluation of the impact of perception, and research on the effect of noise sources on the indoor sound field. In addition, there is a lack of relevant experimental research on the directionality of noise sources and the perception of occupants, and the applicability of measuring and evaluating equipment noise sound power is not enough.
The purpose of this research is to develop the technical development of experimental testing items related to psychoacoustic parameters (loudness) in accordance with ISO 532-1 (Acoustics-Methods for calculating loudness ---Part 1: Zwicker method) international standard. Analyze and study the psychoacoustic parameters, directivity, frequency spectrum characteristics of indoor equipment noise sources and their influence on the indoor space sound field. And to establish our ISO 532-1 measurement experiment system and experiment procedures to expand our laboratory technology and energy for building sound environment research.
This research is an experimental study on the impact of indoor equipment noise on the sound environment of the building space. The purpose includes (1) completing the development of ISO532-1 sound quality measurement test technology, establishing psychoacoustic parameter measurement methods and technologies to develop new testing items. (2) In an anechoic room, conduct actual measurement of the sound field of indoor equipment noise sources (life information or home appliances) to analyze its directivity, spectral characteristics, etc. The ISO532-1 method is used to measure and analyze the psychoacoustic parameters to evaluate the impact of equipment noise on the occupants' perception. (3) Based on the results of the indoor equipment noise test, the theoretical model is used to analyze the overall impact of different indoor equipment noise on the indoor space sound field of the building for practical reference applications. In order to expand our research experimental technology and energy. The research refers to the ISO532-1 standard measurement performance requirement project, and refers to the standard stipulation method to carry out the measurement system planning work. In addition to the research literature collection and testing standard research related to indoor equipment noise and human hearing, the measurement system planning is currently completed. Experimental measurement system planning and related experimental measurement principles research, and complete the free sound field test environment sound field measurement verification projects. Subsequent work will be carried out on actual equipment noise characteristics measurement and analysis and loudness calculations, etc., for the future research and application of the effect of indoor equipment noise on the indoor space sound field of buildings, for practical reference applications.