中華民國內政部建築研究所中華民國內政部建築研究所

一、研究緣起
國內綠建築標章EEWH評估系統自1999年內政部建築研究所公布實施以來，其績效與成果，已成國家級之綠建築認證規範，2004年建立綠建材標章制度，其中健康綠建材、生態綠建材主要以健康訴求為出發點，降低室內環境之毒性物質與致癌物，均為健康建築建立了優良的基礎。本研究以彙整國際最新「健康建築指標、規範、標章」資料，調合至綠建築標章與綠建材標章制度，透過諮詢產、官、學、研專家，研擬國際標章規範評定項目趨勢與基準之差異性，以評估符合台灣氣候環境、國際健康建築趨勢之導入現有國內綠建築與綠建材推動制度之可行性，帶動國內業界新標準使民眾健康安全安心。
二、研究方法與過程
本研究以「文獻分析法」彙整國際健康建築標章美國WELL、美國fitwel、中國健康建築評價標準、中國RESET、國內民間健康建築九大評估指標等，進行分析比對討論；「訪談法」探討國內標章制度現況及國際健康建築與目前制度之建議，透過訪談提供未來研究與調合之參考依據及修正基準項目與評估可行性；「模糊德爾菲問卷法」依據初步歸納出的12項指標147項評估項目，邀請專家學者根據綠建築標章、綠建材標章的的現況，分析其評估內容之重要性，擬定適合導入之健康建築評估項目，作為調合之基礎與依據。
三、重要發現
(一)本研究彙整國際最新健康建築標章，建立12項評估指標147項評估項目之評估因子集，應用兩階段專家問卷篩選綠建築為85項，綠建材為26項，相對較適用於現有綠建築和綠建材之評定項目，並作為後續研究之參考。
(二)研究針對階段性彙整與整併後，經由「專家座談會」，參考研究各國健康建築評估項目，提出與綠建築標章調合為39項、綠建材標章為5項，將其研議現有推動制度之效益與研究可行性建議。
(三)綠建築指標群本身規範較針對空間與環境，目前綠建築標章之評定項目乃以設計階段審查方式，若未來延伸健康議題，則在可控因子的範疇下，可加入完工階段查核與後續心靈層面的建構等，在最有經濟效益下達到目的，透過數據與量化，調合項目多著重於室內環境指標與水指標，部分項目需在完工後驗證，如：熱舒適、精神環境、電磁環境等，委由第三方驗證建築物達到應有標準。
(一)綠建材標章與綠建材通則評定要項與基準管制了與對環境無害、對人體無害、符合相關規格標準，以上3點包含綠建材的主要精神與綠建材合格安全的基本要求，健康建築WELL材料概念之意圖，在通過限制、停止使用已知的有毒化合物或產品來減少人體接觸危險建材成分，並推廣更安全的替代品，限制或有條件的禁止對職業工作者的健康有害的化合物與生物性與揮發性有機化合物之管制，因此建議我國制度上能在精進與提升與非物質性的基礎，探討生理、心理、心靈與社會來重新定義空間與生活之間的關聯性。
四、主要建議事項
建議一
建議由民間協會先行推動健康建築評估指標；立即可行建議
主辦機關：無
目前國際健康建築認證多為跨領域或跨部會共同制訂整合而成，國內於推行階段可由衛福部、內政部營建署、建築研究所整合跨部會資源及領域，經由相關單位之共同參與，強化國內健康建築體系，符合健康與因地制宜的健康建築，將其納入後續精進研究之參考，推動制度部分可參考國外如：LEED與WELL，多半由民間企業或社團法人成立組織先行推動與建立平台，透過整合民間相關已發展之健康建築如：震大建設九大指標、合勤健康共生宅、GD綠裝修認證等。
建議二
增修現有國內標章評估項目；中長期建議
主辦機關：內政部建築研究所
協辦機關：無
建議由財團、民間協會或社團法人先行推動，依其推廣成效提供官方參考評估，將綠建築標章健康範疇中，以利後續精進計畫針對指標評估增修，作為後續精進研究之相互認證參考，如：自然通風採光、音環境、熱舒適環境、電磁環境與水資源指標之水環境等相關對應指標，並增列屬於精神之非物質化指標或特殊因子。另專家問卷篩選後尚有許多評估項目，無法同時或一次調合至既有標章系統或新創評估認證系統，建議可透過其重要性分期、分類與分階段方式納入評估因子至調合原系統中或新制評估制度中，本研究專家問卷統計後在綠建材被刪除的部分，其指標群項目有其保留之價值，因本次研究項目來源的敘述較針對空間之評定項目，易造成與綠建材的功能無直接關係而被刪除，建議後續可以針對除空氣、材料外之指標群，評估綠建材標章精進與研究探討其評估項目與指標群。已被驗證之項目，可用互認之模式使標章相互通用，而其驗證方式可透過設計圖說、建築師簽證、材料證明文件、室內性能模擬、建築性能測試、完工現場評估等手法，以利後續查核作業評比，藉由健康建築與國內標章制度調合，提升健康指標之權重配分，在認證制度與規範上與國際接軌，使國內健康建築產業更加成熟。
建議三
提升一般民眾對健康建築之認知度；中長期建議
主辦機關：內政部
協辦機關：內政部建築研究所
健康建築理念喚起了一般民眾對綠建築與綠建材甚至是永續環境與健康的重視，應配合相關產業持續精進功能並擴大推廣，強化精進計畫之講習會宣導或所內其他教育課程推廣之方式，進階宣導健康建築與綠建築、綠建材之內涵，讓使用者營造健康、安全、舒適和環保的高品質環境，一旦越多人接受、理解並認可其各類不同面向之重要性後，企業亦會有較大健康意願申請，或進行自我提升之目標，健康建築的概念在國際上漸漸地受到重視，隨國內生活水平提升也有相關民間企業承擔企業社會責任作為自我提升之目標。

I.The Origin of Research
The performance and results achieved by the Domestic Green Building Criteria Evaluation System "EEWH (Ecology, Energy Saving, Waste Reduction, and Health)" since the implementation of the Architecture and Building Research Institute, Ministry of the Interior, ROC (Taiwan) in 1999 have become national green building certification standards. In 2004, the government established a Criteria for Green Building Materials. Among them, healthy green building materials and ecological green building materials are mainly based on health requirements and reducing the toxic substances and carcinogens in the indoor environment have established an excellent foundation for healthy buildings.
In this research, the latest international "Healthy Building Indicators, Specifications, And Certifications" are compiled, and integrated into the Green Building Certification and the Green Building Materials Certification System. By consulting the topic-related industries representatives, government officials, scholars, and research experts, the research of the differences between the trends and benchmarks of international standards and assessment projects are drafted to assess corresponds to the climate in Taiwan and international Healthy Building trends has been done and has been able to introduce the feasibility of existing domestic the Green Building Certification and the Green Building Materials Certification System, which have led to new standards in the domestic industry and make people's health and safety assured.
II.Research Methods and Processes
This study analyzes the importance of its evaluation content through different methods and draws up a healthy building evaluation project suitable for introduction as the basis and basis for adjustment.The "Document Analysis Method", to summarize the international healthy building standards of the WELL(US), the Fitwel (US), the Chinese Healthy Building Evaluation Standards(China), the RESET(China), and the EEWH(Taiwan), and analyze and compare.The "Interview Method", to explore the current status of domestic certification systems and international healthy buildings and recommendations for the current systems. After interviews, we provide reference for future research and adjustment, correction of benchmark projects, and feasibility to evaluate.The “Delphi Method”, based on the 12 indicators and 147 evaluation items, we invited experts and scholars to analyze the significance of the evaluation content based on the current status of implementation of the Green Building Certification and the Green Building Materials Certification System.
III.Major Discovery
A.This research summarizes the current status of the implementation of the latest international healthy building certification system, establishes an evaluation factor set of 12 evaluation indexes and 147 evaluation items, and applies a two-stage expert questionnaire to select 85 items for green buildings and 26 items for green building materials, After we compared these data with existing green building and green building materials assessment items, we used them as a reference for subsequent research.Air indicators: enhanced air quality, air quality monitoring and awareness, pollutant infiltration management, source separation, air filtration systems, volatile organic compound control, microbial and mold control
B.After the periodic consolidation and consolidation, an "Expert Forum" was held to study the health building assessment projects in various international countries. We propose that the evaluation items will be adjusted to 39 items with the green building certification and 5 items with the green building material certification, and we will consider the effectiveness and feasibility of the existing promotion system.
C.The Green Building Index is standardized to be more targeted to the space and environmental standards. At present, the assessment of green building certification accounts on each stage reviews. If the assessment is extended to health issues, under the category of controllable factors, the completion stage check and subsequent spiritual level construction could be added in the future. To achieve the goals to meet the most economical benefits, through checking the data and quantification, the adjustment projects would mostly focus on "indoor environmental indicators" and "water indicators". Some projects need to be verified after completion, such as thermal comfort standard, mental health environment, electromagnetic environment, etc., and a third party will be commissioned to verify the green building to meet the standards.
D.The Green Building Materials Certification And Green Building Materials Certification General Assessment Key Points And Benchmarks control three points, including "no harm to the environment", "no harm to the human body", and "compliance with relevant specifications and standards", including the main spirit of green building materials and the basic safety standards requirements. Under the concept of WELL Building Standard, the material selection will limit and stop the use of toxic compounds or products and reduce human exposure to hazardous building materials ingredients, will also promote safer alternatives, restrict or conditionally prohibit the workers to be exposed to the harmful to health and bio-volatile organic compounds. Therefore, it is suggested that in our country's system, we can explore the physical, psychological, spiritual and social fields to redefine the relationship between space and life in the field of improvement of non-materiality.
IV.Major Recommendations
Recommendation 1:
i.It is suggested that the associations in society to prioritize the promotion of Healthy Building Assessment Indicators; this recommendation is immediately feasible.
ii.Organizer: None
At present, most of the international health building certifications are formulated and integrated by cross-fields or inter-ministerial associations. Domestic applicants can integrate the resources and of inter-ministerial by The Ministry of Health and Welfare, The Construction and Planning Agency of Minister of the Interior, and The Architecture and Building Research Institute  during the implementation phase of the policy. Through the joint participation of relevant government offices, the domestic healthy building condition can be strengthened to meet the health and local standard of healthy buildings, and the data of the references could be used for subsequent refinement researches. The ways to promote this system can refer to foreign countries experience such as: LEED and WELL. In foreign countries, most of the situations are established by private enterprises or corporates to promote and establish platforms in advance. For the present status, there are non-governmental development of healthy buildings, such as: 9 Indicators of Jan-da Sincerity Architecture, HoChin Cohousing Compound, Green Design(GD), etc.
Recommendation 2:
i.It is recommended to upgrade existing domestic certification assessment projects; this recommendation is mid/long-term.
ii.Organizer: The Architecture and Building Research Institute (ABRI)
iii.Co-Organizers: None
It is recommended that this policy be promoted by corporates, non-governmental associations or corporate legal entities in advance, and then the results would be sent to the government with a reference assessment based on the effectiveness of the promotion to facilitate subsequent improvement plans to evaluate. The Green Building Certification should be listed as a health category and added to this indicator. It also serves as a reference for interactive experiment for further research, such as: "natural ventilation lighting", "environmental sound", "thermal comfort environment", "electromagnetic environment" and "water environment of water resources indicators" and other related corresponding indicators and added intangible mental indicators or special factors.
After the expert questionnaire was reviewed, there were still many assessment items that could not be reconciled to the existing certification system or the new assessment certification system at the same time. It is suggested that the evaluation factors can be incorporated into the original system or into the new evaluation system through classifications of periods, categories, and stages by importance of the data. After the statistics of the expert questionnaires in this research, in the deleted part of the Green Building Materials, the index group items still have a reserved value. Because the description of the source of this research project is more of a space-based evaluation project, it is easy to cause the items of the Green Building Materials unrelated and be deleted.
It is suggested that the following index can be used to evaluate the Green Building Materials Certification improvement and research for the indicator groups other than air and materials to explore its evaluation items and indicator groups. For projects that have been verified, mutual recognition can be used to make the certification mutually identified. This verification method can be used to conduct follow-up inspections and appraisals by means of "description of the graphs", "architect signature documents", "material certification documents", "indoor simulation", "building performance test", "completion assessment" and other methods. By harmonizing the healthy building with the domestic certification system, improving the significant of health indicators, and aligning with international standards in the certification system, the domestic healthy building industry would be become more mature.
Recommendation 3:
i.Promote the awareness of Healthy Buildings for general citizens; this recommendation is mid/long-term.
ii.Organizer: Ministry of the Interior
iii.Co-Organizer: The Architecture and Building Research Institute (ABRI)
The concept of Healthy Building has awakened the general public's attention to Green Buildings and Green Building Materials, and even sustainable environment and health. It is also necessary to cooperate with related industries to continuously increase functions and promotion. Planning seminars or other educational courses in the institute to further promote the meaning of Healthy Buildings, Green Buildings, and Green Building Materials, so the citizens could live in a high-quality environment that is healthy, safe, comfortable, and environmentally friendly.
Once more citizens accept, understand, and appreciate the importance of different point of views of this policy, companies will have a greater willingness to apply or set goals to improve themselves. The concept of a Healthy Building is gradually gaining international attention. With the improvement of domestic living standards, there are also relevant private enterprises to take corporate social responsibility(CSR) as the goal of self-improvement.