中華民國內政部建築研究所中華民國內政部建築研究所

研究緣起與方法
本研究以「碳揭露 」為主軸，以掌握生命週期環境負荷為目的，提供建築產業界作為專業碳揭露之重要依據。內政部建築研究所在碳排減量的相關研究上，近年建置相關資料庫並設計網路工具成立建築產業碳足跡服務平台，透過碳足跡的查詢服務，輔助公私部門在建築規劃設計與材料選擇過程之減碳策略參考。為進一步強化碳足跡服務平台的功能與突顯建築碳排資料公開之重要性，本研究在強化既有產業服務平台(含系統維護與材料工法的碳資料更新)之餘，計畫重點主要為針對本所歷年所完成的資料庫系統與內容，探討如何結合我國現有綠建築、綠建材等標章制度，將其作為建議之評估項目，以期與現今各國對建築產業「碳揭露」活動接軌。
研究發現
一、經由綠建築標章制度之彙整、國外相關建築碳揭露機制之分析，可發現就現有綠建築評估指標當中，唯有日本的CASBEE依據AIJ-LCA 資料庫進行LCCO2的量化計算；而LEED ZERO則著眼於建築物竣工後，營運一年間的能源消耗或人員移動所造成的碳排可避免或抵消之程度；至於EEWH的二氧化碳減量指標則是界定在建築物軀體構造的建材，在生產過程中所使用的能源而換算出來的CO2排放，但屬於簡易型的計算方式。有鑑於業界已熟稔目前的綠建築標章九大指標，本研究建議短期內暫不宜對於二氧化碳減量指標進行大幅度地更動，而是可藉由完整計算建築物主要資材製造/運輸碳足跡者，可視同通過綠建築標章之二氧化碳減量指標。
二、透過專家會議結果，針對碳足跡評估融入綠教材標章的模式意見較為分歧。目前以綠建材標章之評定分類，「生態類」及「再生類」屬環境永續軸向，具低碳及減碳效益；而「高性能」(隔熱、透水)亦有間接低度減碳效益外，「健康類」則屬人本健康軸向，尚無實質減碳功能，但通過數量占比達75%以上。故綠建材與碳揭露建議採取分類別結合方式為宜。若將生態類及再生類合併為低碳類，則與碳揭露結合較為名符其實，且接受度較高。惟不建議納入「通則」當中辦理。
三、有鑑於目前現有資料庫當中景觀構件碳足跡之內容有必要增加，本研究收集我國常見之景觀工程，以繪製標準化的圖說與施工程序標準化設定，界定「搖籃到竣工」的計算境界條件範疇，完成45個景觀工程項目之碳足跡計算。從其結果得知一個設施工程所選用之材料，係為影響其資材與施工碳足跡密度的重要因素。多數選用鋼筋混凝土、水泥磚及紅磚為材料的設施項目，其資材與施工單位碳排放量，明顯高於選用碎石、枕木等材料的設施。
研究建議
依據本團隊之研究成果，後續發展建議如下:
建議一:
持續強化資料庫內容(立即可行建議)
因應材料/產品發展之日新月異，未來可持續針對新工法新材料、以各種防火時效之隔間材料、分戶樓板衝擊音之地坪材料等進行碳足跡評估。其可委託學術界計算，或由相關廠商提供自評結果由所所方、學界或第三公正單位審查。
主辦機關:內政部建築研究所
協辦機關:學術單位或第三公正單位
建議二:
碳揭露與BIM系統的結合(立即可行建議)
建議未來於產業平台與的運用方面，可結合建築資訊呈現系統(BIM)在設計前期就給設計者回饋。惟此作業牽涉元件庫的設計製作等技術層面，建議未來可與建築師公會或相關推廣機構商討其可行性。
主辦機關:內政部建築研究所
協辦機關:建築師公會
建議三:
碳足跡標示制度的明文化(立即可行建議)
有鑑於目前日本CASBEE已有完整明確的建築碳足跡機制與計算方法。建議未來在中長程計畫的建議下，結合我國的建築能源標示制度，藉由資料庫與產業平台的應用，將建築「碳足跡標示」明文化。
主辦機關:內政部建築研究所
協辦機關:台灣建築中心

Research Background & Methodology:
With the theme of "carbon disclosure", the purpose of this research is to grasp the environmental load of the whole life cycle and provide an important basis for professional carbon disclosure in the construction industry. In recent years, the Institute of Architecture of the Ministry of the Interior has established relevant databases, designed network tools, established a carbon footprint service platform for the construction industry, and conducted research on carbon emission reduction. Through the carbon footprint query service, assist the public and private sectors in building planning, design and material selection. Reference to the carbon reduction strategy process. In order to further strengthen the carbon footprint service platform function and highlight the importance of building carbon emission data disclosure, this research focuses on strengthening the existing industry service platform (including system maintenance of material engineering methods and carbon data update). The main focus of the project is to explore how to integrate my country’s existing green building, green building materials and other marking systems based on the database system and content completed by our institute over the years, and to use "carbon disclosure" as a necessary assessment item to help the construction industry in the future.
Major Outcomes:
1.Through the integration of relevant systems and documents, it can be found that among the existing green building evaluation indicators, only the Japanese CASBEE is based on the AIJ-LCA database for the quantitative calculation of LCCO2; while LEED ZERO focuses on the operation after the completion of the building. The extent to which carbon emissions caused by energy consumption or personnel movement during the year can be avoided or offset; EEWH's carbon dioxide emission reduction index is defined as the CO2 emissions of building materials used in the construction process and energy used in the production process, which is a kind of Simpler calculation method. And we believe that it is not appropriate to make major changes to carbon dioxide emission reduction targets in the short term. Conversely, the ability to fully calculate the carbon footprint of the main building materials manufacturing/transportation can be regarded as a carbon dioxide emission reduction indicator through the green building mark.
2.According to the results of the expert meeting, there are currently two feasible options for incorporating carbon footprint assessment into the green material label. One is to set up a "low-carbon green material label" separately, and the other is to make the carbon disclosure calculation of materials as an obligation before applying for a green material label. The advantage of the former is the clarity of environmental performance; the advantage of the latter is that no matter what kind of green material label application, carbon disclosure is regarded as the "premise" of mandatory evaluation, with a wider range of objects, and it is also conducive to data The increase in storage capacity. But we need to pay attention to the impact on related industries, so we need to build a consensus in the industry.
3.In view of the need to increase the carbon footprint of landscape components in the existing database, this study collected common landscape projects in my country, drawn standardized diagrams and standardized construction procedures, and completed the carbon footprint calculations of 45 landscape engineering projects. It can be seen from the results that the materials selected for the facility project are an important factor that affects the density of its materials and the carbon footprint of the building. Most of the facilities projects that use reinforced concrete, cement bricks and red bricks have significantly higher carbon emissions from materials and construction units than facilities that use materials such as crushed stone and wooden products.
Research Suggestions:
1.Continue to expand the carbon footprint of various materials into the database.
(Highly Viable)
In response to the rapid development of materials and products, we will continue to conduct carbon footprint assessments in the future for new construction methods and new materials, wall panel materials with fire protection, and floor materials for household floor impact sound. It can be calculated by academia, or the self-assessment results provided by related manufacturers can be reviewed by the institute, academia or a third impartial unit.
Main Organizer:Institute of Architecture, Ministry of the Interior
Co-Organizer:Taiwan Architecture & Building Center
2.Use BIM technology to assist carbon disclosure
(Highly Viable)
It is suggested that in the future, the application of the industrial platform and the building information modeling system (BIM) can be combined with the feedback to the designer in the early stage of the design. However, this work involves the design and production of the component library and other technical aspects. It is recommended to discuss its feasibility with the Association of Architects or related promotion agencies in the future.
Main Organizer:Institute of Architecture, Ministry of the Interior
Co-Organizer:Association of Architects
3.Establishment of building carbon footprint marking system
(Highly Viable)
In view of the current Japanese CASBEE has a complete and clear building carbon footprint mechanism and calculation method. It is recommended that in the future, in conjunction with my country's building energy labeling system, through the application of database and industry platforms, a mandatory carbon labeling system should be established.
Main Organizer:Institute of Architecture, Ministry of the Interior
Co-Organizer:Taiwan Architecture & Building Center