Abstract
I. Introduction The growth of population and the trend of urban development in Taiwan have gradually moved towards the same direction that developed countries encountered in the world. Owing to the slow growth of the population and the reduction of newly developed area, the number of old residence over 30 years reaches 1.4 million, sharing 1/5 of total household. It is necessary to review and improve urban function and environmental quality because Taiwan is located at a seismic belt, so that can expect to simultaneously fulfill the sustainable development in the world. The grant system of urban redevelopment in Japan provides wide coverage, including executive organizations, laws and regulations, grant mechanism and related measures. Many achievements for promoting the policies of urban redevelopment have been made for 40 years. Therefore, the study of urban redevelopment grant system in Japan will be beneficial to the promotion of urban update in Taiwan. II. Study Method and Process (1) Confirmation of study subject, purpose and scope: This study plans the study subject, purpose and scope in accordance with past topics and current demands of study and development to confirm after fully discussed at coordination meeting. (2) Reference collection and analysis: After the study subject, purpose and scope are confirmed, a study proposal will be worked out and domestic and foreign references will be collected to analyze. (3) Analysis of urban redevelopment theory. (4) Investigation of urban redevelopment grant system in each country. (5) Investigation of urban redevelopment grant system in Japan. (6) Expert interview and suggestion: To understand feasibility of concrete countermeasure for the grant system of urban redevelopment in Taiwan by means of expert interview and propose suggestions. b III. Important Discovery (1) Comparing grant strategies of urban redevelopment in Japan and each country in the world, seen from the schedule: 1. 1950’s: A strategy of urban redevelopment taken by Japan, UK, USA and Taiwan was the urban reconstruction; the way to subsidize was that the central government provided the finance to the local governments, public corporations or private sectors for redevelopment; however, this kind of removal and reconstruction mode proposed by USA not only made severe impact on rooted community business, but also had difficulties in compensating the spirit loss of household with money. Therefore, it would be more controversial. 2. 1960’s: A strategy of urban redevelopment taken by Japan, UK, USA and Taiwan was to recover urban life function; the way to subsidize was that the central government provided the finance to subsidize the local governments, public corporations or private sectors for improving urban function; among them, the development of urban mall in USA not only attracted shopping people and increases employment opportunity, but also improved urban environment. Such contribution to old downtowns was more appraised by people. 3. 1970’s: A strategy of urban redevelopment taken by Japan, UK and USA was urban update; the way to subsidize was that the central government subsidized the local governments and private sectors to conduct urban update; taking USA for example, “Grant Fund for Community Development” and “Grant Fund for Urban Development ” were founded to redevelop and reconstruct public facilities; in addition, redevelopment strategies in Japan are converted from hard planning control to soft grant system, such as business grant, finance, debt guarantee and so on. Not only can yield twice the result with half the effort, but also can be more acceptable by the public. 4. 1980’s: A strategy of urban redevelopment taken by Japan, UK and USA was based on 英文摘要 c “Overall Street Building”, but the method made extreme difference; Japan was to combine planning control, administration guidance, finance grant and regulation induction. UK and USA were to establish urban development companies, giving priority to public and private cooperation and assisting finance grant and establishment of enterprise district. 5. 1990’s to 2000’s: UK, USA and Japan started to consider the urban redevelopment as a link of developing national economy, society and culture, and tried to encourage private sectors to invest on redevelopment business with diversified grant strategies so that can create the redevelopment project in a combination of urban society and economy. (2) In order to promote the urban redevelopment, grant measures of downtown redevelopment for the Japanese government can be roughly classified as guidance and assistance of the local government, city business agency system, treasury finance grant, finance grant, measures to remit tax, regulation induction and debt guarantee, which are described as follows: 1. Guidance and assistance: For the redevelopment plan, program and execution of downtown street at each phase, the Japanese local government has obligation to propose advice and assistance to those who implement from urban position. 2. Business agency: According to the Urban Redevelopment Act in Japan, redevelopment business agent is county or township head. 3. Treasury finance grant: Treasury finance grant includes the local government and those who implement. Generally speaking, the ratio for the items to implement grant shares 1/3 by the central government, 1/6 by counties, 1/6 by cities and 1/3 by those who implement. The items to subsidize those who implement provided by the central government include survey fee, land arrangement fee, facility maintenance fee, disaster precaution fee, incidental facility maintenance fee, incidental business fee and so on. 4. Finance: Those who implement the finance system of redevelopment business include the residence finance treasury, the Japanese policy investment bank, the promotion organization of civil urban development, the association of industry d and commerce as well as the central treasury. 5. Measures to remit taxes and levies: Including income tax, corporation tax, stamp tax, registration grant tax, realty acquisition tax, business tax, business income tax, fixing asset tax and remission of special land tax. 6. Regulation induction: The systems of highly developed region, specific street region, special urban redevelopment region and program in Japan include urban function update, building base integration, preservation of empty land in base, restriction on small-scale building and reasonable land utilization. 7. Debt guarantee: In order to strengthen load credit to those who implement urban redevelopment and promote the smooth deployment of redevelopment finance, the Japanese government subsidized and the civil provided the finance in 1979 to establish the redevelopment association of urban street and land in Japan, and set up “Promotion Fund for Civil Redevelopment”, which provided debt guarantee for downtown redevelopment.